Progress in Synthetic Approaches and Pharmacological Applications of Melatonin and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review.

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Current topics in medicinal chemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.2174/0115680266331681250130072302

Ayush Jain, Chandana Majee, Rupa Mazumder, Avijit Mazumder, Himanshu Singh, Swrupanjali Padhi, Arvind Kumar, Bhupinder Kapoor

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Abstract

A neurohormone with strong central nervous system activity, melatonin plays a role in regulating circadian rhythms. It affects practically all tissues and organs and has a broad functional repertoire. It is primarily employed as a dietary supplement; melatonin aids in sleep regulation and the re-establishment of arousal cycles. Despite having very low toxicity, melatonin's tissue availability is constrained by pharmacokinetic problems such as poor oral bioavailability and a brief half-life. The synthesis and medicinal applications of melatonin and its derivatives are the main focus of this review study. Melatonin is considered as a beneficial agent suitable for safely treating and preventing various health conditions. This review covers synthesis approaches and pharmacological applications of melatonin and its derivatives published from the 1990s to 2024. The latest development in several studies involves the concurrent administration of melatonin with other drugs to enhance therapeutic effectiveness and mitigate adverse effects. Hybrid ligands, such as melatonin-tamoxifen and melatonin-tacrine derivatives are combined to give distinct effects. This review highlights the importance of continued research into melatonin and its derivatives, paving the way for developing novel and more potent therapeutic agents.

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来源期刊

Current topics in medicinal chemistry 医学-医药化学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

2.90%

发文量

186

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry is a forum for the review of areas of keen and topical interest to medicinal chemists and others in the allied disciplines. Each issue is solely devoted to a specific topic, containing six to nine reviews, which provide the reader a comprehensive survey of that area. A Guest Editor who is an expert in the topic under review, will assemble each issue. The scope of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry will cover all areas of medicinal chemistry, including current developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug distribution, metabolism, new and emerging drug targets, natural products, pharmacogenomics, and structure-activity relationships. Medicinal chemistry is a rapidly maturing discipline. The study of how structure and function are related is absolutely essential to understanding the molecular basis of life. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders. The journal is essential for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important advances.