{"title":"The Gap Is Getting Closer: Trends in Absolute and Relative Black-White HIV Mortality Disparities in the USA (1999-2023).","authors":"Ahmed Azzam, Heba Khaled","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02299-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study analyzes trends in HIV-related mortality disparities between Black and White populations in the USA from 1999 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CDC WONDER data were utilized to assess absolute disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate difference, and relative disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate ratio, in Black-White HIV mortality. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) serving as a summary measure for the entire period and the annual percentage change (APC) used to evaluate the magnitude of change within specific intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absolute disparity showed a consistent decline, with an AAPC of - 6.46% (p < 0.001). Similarly, the relative disparity significantly decreased, with an AAPC of - 1.10% (p < 0.001). A detailed analysis of relative disparity revealed a notable inflection point in 2007, marked by an initial increase from 1999 to 2007 (APC 0.96%, p = 0.002), followed by a decline from 2007 to 2023 (APC - 2.12%, p < 0.001). The findings for both Black-White females and males consistently demonstrated reductions in both relative and absolute disparities, aligning with the overall trend. Among age categories, the 45-54 age group showed the greatest improvement in absolute (- 8.11%) and relative (- 2.65%) disparities, while the 25-34 group showed the least, with a slight increase in relative disparity (+ 0.23%, p = 0.66).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows significant progress in reducing absolute Black-White HIV mortality disparities, while the reduction in relative inequalities is more modest, emphasizing the need for continued and strengthened public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02299-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: This study analyzes trends in HIV-related mortality disparities between Black and White populations in the USA from 1999 to 2023.
Methods: CDC WONDER data were utilized to assess absolute disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate difference, and relative disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate ratio, in Black-White HIV mortality. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) serving as a summary measure for the entire period and the annual percentage change (APC) used to evaluate the magnitude of change within specific intervals.
Results: The absolute disparity showed a consistent decline, with an AAPC of - 6.46% (p < 0.001). Similarly, the relative disparity significantly decreased, with an AAPC of - 1.10% (p < 0.001). A detailed analysis of relative disparity revealed a notable inflection point in 2007, marked by an initial increase from 1999 to 2007 (APC 0.96%, p = 0.002), followed by a decline from 2007 to 2023 (APC - 2.12%, p < 0.001). The findings for both Black-White females and males consistently demonstrated reductions in both relative and absolute disparities, aligning with the overall trend. Among age categories, the 45-54 age group showed the greatest improvement in absolute (- 8.11%) and relative (- 2.65%) disparities, while the 25-34 group showed the least, with a slight increase in relative disparity (+ 0.23%, p = 0.66).
Conclusion: This study shows significant progress in reducing absolute Black-White HIV mortality disparities, while the reduction in relative inequalities is more modest, emphasizing the need for continued and strengthened public health efforts.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.
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