Triterpenoids from leaves of Paramignya trimera with their alpha-glucosidase inhibition: in vitro and in silico aspects.

Abstract

From the leaves of Paramignya trimera, a new C₂₃-noreuphane-type triterpenoid, paramignyene (1), together with four known triterpenoids, kansenone (2), eupha-8,25-diene-3β,24-diol-7-one (3), eupha-7,25-diene-3,24-diol (4), and β-sitosterol (5), were isolated and structurally elucidated. Paramignyene (1) represents the first C₂₃-noreuphane-type triterpenoid in nature. Their chemical structures were established using comprehensive spectroscopic data (1D- and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Only compounds 4 and 5 exhibited moderate activity, with IC₅₀ values of 86 and 220 µM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis elucidates the inhibitory mechanism of the tested compounds. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and Hek293 cell lines. Compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2, while the other compounds demonstrated no cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, none of the compounds demonstrated any activity against normal cell line Hek293.