Pt nanoparticles functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: A three-in-one nanozyme for colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase

Abstract

To meet the increasing demands for highly active and stable nanozymes for bioanalysis, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully supported on the surface of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (Pt/HOFs) to obtain a stable, multifunctional and highly active nanozyme for the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Through a redox reaction, Pt precursors are reduced to ultrasmall Pt NPs that are loaded on HOFs. The Pt/HOFs nanozyme showed excellent oxidase-like, peroxidase-like and some catalase-like activity. To avoid the signal instability caused by H₂O₂ decomposition, the oxidase-like activity of Pt/HOFs was applied for the detection of ALP using 3,3′, 5,5 ′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a chromogenic substrate. When the substrate L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) is present, ALP can catalyze AAP to produce strongly reductive ascorbic acid (AA). AA can reduce the oxidation product of TMB. Therefore, a colorimetric sensing strategy for ALP detection was constructed. The linear range of the strategy was from 0.5 to 8 mU mL⁻¹, and the detection limit was 0.46 mU mL⁻¹. Finally, the strategy was successfully applied to the detection of ALP in human serum, which provided a reliable strategy for the colorimetric detection of clinical ALP. This study not only presents a simple approach to maintain the high activity of nanoparticle-based nanozymes, but also expands the application of multifunctional HOF-based materials for future applications.