Why Has Gastroschisis Increased Over Time and Why Is It More Common in Infants of Young Mothers?

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2436

Rashida S. Smith-Webb, Peter H. Langlois, Gary M. Shaw, Cynthia A. Moore, Mark A. Canfield, Julie M. Petersen, Martha M. Werler, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

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Abstract

Background

Although many factors are associated with gastroschisis risk, studies have not systematically explored whether they account for its increasing frequency over the past decades or its inverse association with maternal age. We examined whether previously reported risk factors for gastroschisis from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) explain the association with increasing temporal prevalence or young maternal age.

Methods

Using data from the NBDPS (1997–2011), crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for birth years 2005–2011 versus 1997–2004 and maternal age < 25 versus 25+ years. We then adjusted for 16 factors separately with logistic regression (paternal age, interpregnancy interval, parity, alcohol, cigarettes, illicit drugs, oral contraceptives, cold/flu with fever, genitourinary infection, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diet quality, prepregnancy body mass index, parental race and ethnicity, language spoken at home, years lived in the United States, and household income).

Results

The birth year OR (1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) was attenuated by 16% after adjustment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (OR 1.08; 95 CI: 0.92, 1.26). The young maternal age OR (7.76; 95% CI: 6.71, 8.97) was attenuated by 30% after adjustment for paternal age (OR 5.43; 95% CI: 4.55, 6.48) and separately for interpregnancy interval (OR 5.45; 95% CI: 4.43, 6.69).

Conclusion

Some evidence suggests that risk factors for gastroschisis account for small amounts of the time trend and maternal age associations. However, it remains unclear what factors underlie the complete calendar time or maternal age associations.

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.