[Systematic review of individual biopsychosocial aspects of interventions during a physiological birth in primiparous women].

Abstract

The birth process involves biopsychosocial aspects, the identification of which has been little researched. This systematic review aims to identify biopsychosocial aspects of interventions during physiological birth in first-time mothers and to assess the effectiveness of these interventions on birth outcomes.A systematic guideline search resulted in the definition of a physiological birth of first-time mothers with a singleton from the cephalic position at 37+0 to 42+0 weeks' gestation. A systematic literature search assessed intervention studies for evidence quality using the GRADE methodology. Structured content analysis according to Mayring was used to identify biopsychosocial aspects.18 bio-organic, psychological and sociological aspects were identified from 20 studies. The quality of evidence was mostly low to very low due to inadequate reporting of fetal and maternal outcomes and characteristics. Moderate confidence was shown for midwifery care and aromatherapy in increasing spontaneous labor, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in improving satisfaction, subjective pain perception and APGAR score. Identified biopsychosocial aspects enable a multidimensional assessment of physiological birth and could lead to a biopsychosocial care model. Insufficient quality of evidence does not allow the derivation of specific interventions. Studies in obstetrics should use defined endpoints and characteristics to improve the quality of evidence.