Determining Optimal Talker Variability for Nonnative Speech Training: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

IF 2.2 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Pub Date : 2025-03-05 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00599

Xiaojuan Zhang, Bing Cheng, Yu Zou, Yang Zhang

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Abstract

Purpose: This meta-analysis study aimed to determine the optimal level of talker variability in training to maximize second-language speech learning.

Method: We conducted a systematic search for studies comparing different levels of talker variability in nonnative speech training, published through July 2024. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was implemented to estimate relative effect sizes of different talker variability training conditions and rank these conditions by their posterior probabilities using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values.

Results: A total of 32 studies involving 998 participants were analyzed to compare six training conditions based on the number of talkers. Using a no-training control condition as the reference and excluding the outlier, the random-effects model showed that training with six talkers was most effective (SUCRA = 94%, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.09, 95% CrI [1.30, 2.89]), exhibiting moderate between-study heterogeneity (posterior median SD = 0.60, 95% CrI [0.39, 0.90]). However, when considering both the format of talker presentation and training exposure, the conditions with four talkers presented in blocks across training sessions (SUCRA = 77%, SMD = 1.47, 95% CrI [0.92, 2.10]), two talkers intermixed during sessions (SUCRA = 75%, SMD = 1.65, 95% CrI [0.24, 3.03]), and six talkers intermixed (SUCRA = 72%, SMD = 1.38, 95% CrI [0.97, 1.79]), all showed similarly high effectiveness with only minor differences.

Conclusions: This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis demonstrate for the first time that optimizing talker variability in nonnative speech training requires a careful balance between the number of talkers and the presentation format. The findings suggest that a moderate level of talker variability is most effective for improving second-language speech training outcomes.

Supplemental material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28319345.

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目的：本荟萃分析研究旨在确定训练中说话者可变性的最佳水平，以最大限度地提高第二语言语音学习效果：我们对 2024 年 7 月之前发表的比较非母语语音训练中不同说话者可变性水平的研究进行了系统检索。两位独立审稿人筛选了符合条件的研究，提取了数据并评估了偏倚风险。采用贝叶斯网络荟萃分析法估算不同说话者变异性训练条件的相对效应大小，并使用累积排序曲线下表面（SUCRA）值按后验概率对这些条件进行排序：共分析了 32 项涉及 998 名参与者的研究，根据说话者的数量对六种训练条件进行了比较。以无培训对照条件为参照并排除离群值，随机效应模型显示，有六名谈话者的培训最有效（SUCRA = 94%，标准化平均差异 [SMD] = 2.09，95% CrI [1.30，2.89]），显示出中等程度的研究间异质性（后中位数 SD = 0.60，95% CrI [0.39，0.90]）。然而，如果同时考虑到谈话者的呈现形式和训练暴露，则在各次训练中以块状呈现四位谈话者的条件（SUCRA = 77%，SMD = 1.47，95% CrI [0.92，2.10]）、两个谈话者在训练过程中混合（SUCRA = 75%，SMD = 1.65，95% CrI [0.24，3.03]）和六个谈话者混合（SUCRA = 72%，SMD = 1.38，95% CrI [0.97，1.79]）的条件，都显示出类似的高有效性，只有细微差别：本系统综述和贝叶斯网络荟萃分析首次证明，在非母语语音训练中，要优化说话者的可变性，就必须在说话者的数量和演讲形式之间取得谨慎的平衡。研究结果表明，适度的说话者可变性对提高第二语言语音训练效果最为有效。补充材料：https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28319345。

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来源期刊

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-REHABILITATION

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

19.20%

发文量

538

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Mission: JSLHR publishes peer-reviewed research and other scholarly articles on the normal and disordered processes in speech, language, hearing, and related areas such as cognition, oral-motor function, and swallowing. The journal is an international outlet for both basic research on communication processes and clinical research pertaining to screening, diagnosis, and management of communication disorders as well as the etiologies and characteristics of these disorders. JSLHR seeks to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating the results of new studies as well as providing a forum for critical reviews and meta-analyses of previously published work. Scope: The broad field of communication sciences and disorders, including speech production and perception; anatomy and physiology of speech and voice; genetics, biomechanics, and other basic sciences pertaining to human communication; mastication and swallowing; speech disorders; voice disorders; development of speech, language, or hearing in children; normal language processes; language disorders; disorders of hearing and balance; psychoacoustics; and anatomy and physiology of hearing.