Changes in Seated Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Response to Titration of Heart Failure Medications During Ambulatory Monitoring

Abstract

Introduction

Ambulatory hemodynamic monitoring (AHM) of heart failure (HF) using pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is marked by frequent changes in HF medications. We are beginning to learn how medication titrations during AHM affect mean PAP (mPAP) measured in the seated position, which reflects most waking hours.

Method

We analyzed the 12-month data from the PROACTIVE-HF trial of the Cordella Cordella, Endotronix Inc, Naperville, Illinois, United States) PAP sensor system. Seated mPAP was examined in the 14-days before and after isolated changes in medications; only those medications with ≥10 titrations were analyzed. Dependent sample Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare changes in mPAP with titrations.

Results

We analyzed 456 subjects (age: 64 years, females: 40%, Black: 18%, HF with reduced ejection fraction: 46%). Loop diuretics (LD) were up-titrated 176 times in 133 patients and down-titrated 113 times in 96 patients. Before LD up-titration, mPAP increased by 1.6 ± 1.0 mm Hg; afterwards, it decreased by 2.3 ± 1.0 mm Hg (P < 0.001), with most reduction occurring within 1 week. Down-titration of LD was followed by an increase of 1.8 ± 1.3 mm Hg (P = 0.004) over the next several days. Similar trends were observed across categories of ejection fraction (≤40% and >40%). Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) up-titration decreased mPAP by 1.8 ± 1.9 mm Hg (P = 0.042), whereas down-titration increased mPAP by 1.5 ± 1.4 (P = 0.094). Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) up-titration tended to decrease mPAP (1.6 ± 2.5 mm Hg, P = 0.286,) whereas down-titration was followed by a significant increase in mPAP of 3.2 ± 1.6 mm Hg (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The AHM platform using seated mPAP data provided valuable insights into its short-term responses to isolated changes in HF medications. The seated mPAP changed expectedly in response to the titration of LD, whereas the degree of response varied for ARNI and MRA. Ongoing investigation will further characterize the timing and variability of responses to inform algorithms for ambulatory management of PAP.