Construction and characterization of 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-L-Ascorbic acid-loaded silver and manganese dioxide nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity study, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Nanomaterials are increasingly recognized for their potential in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing and characterizing multifunctional silver (Ag) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-l-Ascorbic Acid (IAA), a vitamin C derivative. The primary objective was to evaluate their potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and anticancer applications. The nanocomposites were synthesized using chemical methods and characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR, Mass spectroscopy, UV–vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Results demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 30 to 40 mm for Ag NPs-IAA and 14–33 mm for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 4–32 μg/mL and 16–64 μg/mL for Ag NPs-IAA and MnO₂ NPs-IAA, respectively. Antibiofilm activity reached 89 % for Ag NPs-IAA and 82 % for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH scavenging, showed significant enhancement upon IAA loading, achieving 86.31 % for Ag NPs-IAA and 81.35 % for MnO₂ NPs-IAA. Cytotoxicity studies against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines revealed that the nanocomposites inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These findings highlight the significant potential of IAA-encapsulated Ag NPs and MnO₂ NPs in antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies, paving the way for advanced therapeutic nanomaterials.