Synthesis of eco-friendly rGO/ZrP nanocomposite as novel adsorbents for enhanced non-enzymatic salicylic acid delivery

Abstract

This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and investigates their performance as adsorbents for the controlled release of salicylic acid (SA). The rGO/ZrP nanocomposites were synthesized using an organometallic modification approach and comprehensively characterized utilizing a range of analytical techniques, including elemental analysis. The hybrid nanostructure leverages the high surface area and unique physicochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), combined with the layered architecture of zirconium phosphate (ZrP), to enhance adsorption capacity and optimize release dynamics. The adsorption behavior of salicylic acid (SA) onto the zirconium phosphate framework was systematically investigated. Adsorption isotherm analyses revealed robust interactions between salicylic acid (SA) and the zirconium phosphate framework, primarily facilitated by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicative of chemisorption as the prevailing mechanism, while the Langmuir isotherm model confirmed monolayer adsorption with a high binding affinity between SA and ZrP. Furthermore, the release profile of SA from the rGO/ZrP composites demonstrated a slow and sustained release over time. These results highlight the potential of ZrP-based nanostructures as efficient carriers for SA, with significant prospects for environmental and agricultural applications.