Next Nanotechnology最新文献

Prompt photocatalytic purification of dye wastewater using zinc doped nickel oxide nanostructures and Artima salina model for acute toxicity screening 利用掺锌氧化镍纳米结构和盐水鸭模型对染料废水进行快速光催化净化，以进行急性毒性筛选

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100117

M.B. JessieRaj, M. Pavithra

Industrial organic contaminates in water bodies are toxic not only to aquatic plants and animals but also to the entire ecosystem. The present study focuses on eradicating these industrial pollutants using zinc ions doped nickel oxide nano photocatalysts. Ultrasonication-aided co-precipitation method was used to synthesize Zn doped NiO nanoparticles which were further analyzed for their structural, optical, morphological, elemental, and photocatalytic abilities. Bragg diffraction patterns of synthesized samples revealed that zinc ions were successfully loaded in the NiO lattice as cubic nano-crystallites with Fm3m, space-group. FTIR study supported the formation of Zn –Ni linkages and Ni-O stretching vibrations. Tauc plot found that optical band gap energy decreases from 3.2 to 2.7 eV. PL study revealed the charge recombination process delayed by an intermediate band to enhance photocatalytic activity. The formation and reduction of clear rectangular rod structures by increasing zinc dopant materials and the composition of Ni, Zn, and O elements were explored in SEM-EDX images. XPS, TEM and SAED patterns corresponded quite well with the XRD results. Pseudo-first-order kinetics of photocatalytic degradation analysis predicted that Zn doped NiO nanostructures show their suitableness for preventing Rhodamine B and 4-Nitrophenol contaminates (up to 95 % and 80 %) in aquatic media under direct sunlight. Further, detox and practical usage of Zn doped NiO were confirmed by the Artemia salina organism’s considerable lifespan in the treated water using a toxicity evaluation model. Based on these observations, it is expected to facilitate an expedited remedy of toxicity screening for regulatory purposes.

水体中的工业有机污染物不仅对水生动植物有毒，而且对整个生态系统也有毒。本研究的重点是利用锌离子掺杂氧化镍纳米光催化剂来消除这些工业污染物。研究采用超声辅助共沉淀法合成了掺锌氧化镍纳米粒子，并进一步分析了这些粒子的结构、光学、形态、元素和光催化能力。合成样品的布拉格衍射图样显示，锌离子以 Fm3m 空间群的立方纳米晶粒形式成功地负载在镍氧化物晶格中。傅立叶变换红外光谱研究证实了锌-镍连接和 Ni-O 伸展振动的形成。Tauc plot 发现，光带隙能从 3.2 eV 下降到 2.7 eV。聚光研究表明，电荷重组过程被中间带延迟，从而提高了光催化活性。SEM-EDX 图像显示，随着锌掺杂材料的增加以及 Ni、Zn 和 O 元素组成的变化，透明矩形棒结构的形成和减少。XPS、TEM 和 SAED 图谱与 XRD 结果非常吻合。光催化降解的伪一阶动力学分析表明，掺杂 Zn 的纳米氧化镍结构适合在阳光直射下防止水生介质中的罗丹明 B 和 4-硝基苯酚污染（分别达到 95% 和 80%）。此外，掺锌氧化镍的解毒和实用性还通过毒性评估模型证实，在处理过的水中，鳀鱼生物的寿命相当长。基于这些观察结果，预计它将有助于加快监管目的的毒性筛选补救措施。

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引用次数: 0

One-step eco-friendly synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on bentonite-g-C₃N₄ for the reduction of hazardous organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. 在膨润土-g-C₃N₄上一步合成生态友好型银纳米粒子，用于减少工业废水中的有害有机污染物。

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100116

Abduraboh Alraae , Ali Moussadik , Abdellah Benzaouak , Mohammed Kacimi , Mohammed Dahhou , Aicha Sifou , Adnane El Hamidi

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on natural materials have garnered significant attention due to their wide applicability across various research fields. This study presents an eco-friendly, scalable, and one-step approach to synthesizing high-purity Ag NPs supported by bentonite-graphitic carbon nitride (Bt-g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites via thermal reduction. The successful integration of Ag NPs into the Bt-g-C₃N₄ matrix was confirmed through several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). XRF analysis identified the clay as beidellite-rich (Si/Al molar ratio less than 2), while EDX spectra and XRD patterns confirmed the presence of Ag NPs, with characteristic peaks at 38.04^° and 44.24^°. SEM and TEM images showed uniform Ag NP distribution with an average particle size of 4.75 nm and a spherical morphology. Acid-activated bentonite preserved its layered structure and exhibited a significant surface area increase, reaching 113.77 m²/g after hydrochloric acid treatment, thereby enhancing its capacity for supporting nanoparticle-based catalysts. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance, achieving reduction efficiencies of approximately 99 % for various organic pollutants, including nitrophenols (within 7 min for 4-nitrophenol), cationic dyes (within 12 min for Rhodamine B), and anionic dyes (within 5 min for methyl orange), using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as the reducing agent. The reduction followed first-order kinetics, with activity factors (k′) calculated as 134 s⁻¹.g⁻¹, 260 s⁻¹.g⁻¹, and 92 s⁻¹.g⁻¹ for 4-NP, MO, and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag NPs/Bt-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency across multiple cycles.

以天然材料为支撑的银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）因其在各个研究领域的广泛应用而备受关注。本研究提出了一种环保、可扩展、一步到位的方法，通过热还原法合成由膨润土-石墨化氮化碳（Bt-g-C3N4）纳米复合材料支撑的高纯度银纳米粒子。通过多种表征技术，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线荧光 (XRF)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和能量色散光谱 (EDX)，证实了 Ag NPs 与 Bt-g-C3N4 基体的成功结合。XRF 分析确定粘土富含比德利石（硅/铝摩尔比小于 2），而 EDX 光谱和 XRD 图样则证实了 Ag NPs 的存在，其特征峰位于 38.04° 和 44.24°。SEM 和 TEM 图像显示，Ag NP 分布均匀，平均粒径为 4.75 nm，呈球形。经盐酸处理后，酸活化膨润土保留了其层状结构，表面积显著增加，达到 113.77 m²/g，从而增强了其对纳米颗粒催化剂的支撑能力。合成的纳米复合材料具有优异的催化性能，以硼氢化钠（NaBH4）为还原剂，对各种有机污染物的还原效率约为 99%，包括硝基苯酚（4-硝基苯酚在 7 分钟内还原）、阳离子染料（罗丹明 B 在 12 分钟内还原）和阴离子染料（甲基橙在 5 分钟内还原）。还原遵循一阶动力学，计算得出 4-NP、MO 和 RhB 的活性因子（k′）分别为 134 s-1.g-1、260 s-1.g-1 和 92 s-1.g-1。此外，Ag NPs/Bt-g-C3N4 纳米复合材料还具有显著的可回收性，可在多次循环中保持较高的催化效率。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid Li-rich cathodes for anode-free lithium metal batteries 用于无阳极锂金属电池的混合富锂正极

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100114

Chunxi Tian , Kun Qin , Tingting Xu , Liumin Suo

Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are expected to achieve high energy density without Li anode. However, their capacities are fading quickly due to the lack of excessive Li resources from the anode side (N/P=0). Previously, cathode pre-lithiation to supplement excess Li in NCM811 was proven feasible to extend the battery lifespan of AFLMB, but deep lithiation suffers from crystal structure damage, resulting in short cycle life. Here, we proposed a hybrid Li-rich cathode by pre-lithiation of spinel structure material LiMn₂O₄ instead of Li-rich NCM compositing with NCM811, providing a new way to extend the lifespan of AFLMBs. During the first charge process, Li₂Mn₂O₄, as a pre-lithiation reagent, releases excess Li to form a lithium layer on the anode and revert to LiMn₂O_4, maintaining stable electrochemical reversibility in the following cycles. The anode-free lithium metal pouch cell employing a Li-rich hybrid cathode achieves a high energy density of nearly 400 Wh kg⁻¹ with 80 % capacity retention after 50 cycles.

无负极锂金属电池（AFLMB）有望在没有锂负极的情况下实现高能量密度。然而，由于正极缺乏过量的锂资源（N/P=0），它们的容量正在迅速衰减。以前，通过阴极预锂化来补充 NCM811 中过剩的锂资源被证明是延长 AFLMB 电池寿命的可行方法，但深度锂化会导致晶体结构损坏，从而缩短循环寿命。在此，我们提出了一种混合富锂正极，通过尖晶石结构材料 LiMn2O4 的预锂化来替代与 NCM811 复合的富锂 NCM，为延长 AFLMB 的寿命提供了一条新途径。在第一次充电过程中，作为预锂化试剂的 Li2Mn2O4 会释放出过量的锂，在阳极上形成锂层并还原为 LiMn2O4，从而在接下来的循环中保持稳定的电化学可逆性。采用富锂混合阴极的无阳极锂金属袋电池在循环 50 次后可实现近 400 Wh kg-1 的高能量密度和 80% 的容量保持率。

引用次数: 0

Strategies for high performance characterization of nanomaterials using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy 利用原位液胞透射电子显微镜对纳米材料进行高性能表征的策略

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100115

Honglin Lv, Wei Si, Jingjie Sha, Yunfei Chen, Yin Zhang

With advances in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM), it is possible to real-time characterize nanomaterials at atomic resolution in a liquid environment. This provides a key tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of various of (bio)chemical processes. In this review, various of strategies employed in high performance LCTEM characterization are introduced. It presents the structure and manufacturing processes of different liquid cells, and summarizes the methods to improve the spatial resolution and reduce the irradiation damage of LCTEM. It also describes the liquid cells integration with external energy field for observing the dynamic response of nanomaterials under electrical, thermal or irradiating stimuli. Then recent advances in LCTEM images and data automated analysis by machine learning are highlighted. Finally, we present a perspective on the challenges and future directions for the development of in situ LCTEM.

随着液胞透射电子显微镜（LCTEM）技术的发展，在液体环境中以原子分辨率实时表征纳米材料成为可能。这为了解各种（生物）化学过程的基本机制提供了重要工具。本综述介绍了在高性能 LCTEM 表征中采用的各种策略。它介绍了不同液体电池的结构和制造工艺，总结了提高 LCTEM 空间分辨率和减少辐照损伤的方法。报告还介绍了液态池与外部能量场的整合，以观察纳米材料在电、热或辐照刺激下的动态响应。然后，重点介绍了 LCTEM 图像和机器学习数据自动分析的最新进展。最后，我们展望了原位 LCTEM 的挑战和未来发展方向。

引用次数: 0

New insights on physicochemical features and toxicological outcome provided from incineration of nanocomposites 焚烧纳米复合材料对物理化学特征和毒理学结果的新认识

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100113

Claire Longuet , Carine Chivas-Joly , Nora Lambeng , Valérie Forest , Lara Leclerc , Gwendoline Sarry , Jérémie Pourchez , José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta

This study focuses on research in the area of "nanomaterials in waste" and shows the difficulty of providing quantitative data on nanomaterials in different wastes. As highlighted in the ECHA report (November 2021) and although substantial progress have been made in the characterization and measurement of nanomaterials, some challenges remain, particularly the characterization of nanomaterials in complex media. Therefore, work to improve the detection, characterization, and quantification of nanomaterials should be continued to complete the database with different types of nanowaste mixtures. The dominant end-of-life scenario for nanocomposites is the incineration. The environmental by-products impact on the soil and air have been considered from the point of view of nanoparticles partitioning and the potential toxicological synergistic effects. A specific management of nanocomposites end-of-life should be implemented as recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in order to limit nanoparticles dissemination by landfilling and particularly in incineration facilities where their presence is significantly increasing. The aim of our study was to expand the current knowledge of the partition of nanowaste, mainly in case of nanocomposites mixture, and the potential synergetic or antagonistic impact of potential hazardous nanowastes on the toxicological profile. Incineration products of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites containing both silica and precipitated calcium carbonate, corresponding to cable sheaths compositions, were investigated in this study, using a lab-scale incineration process. Soot and residue composition were analysed using various relevant experimental techniques in order to assess the presence of initial nanoparticles. In vitro toxicological assessments were carried out and have shown that only pro-inflammatory responses seem to be affected by the presence of nanoparticles. SiO₂ nanoparticles appear to have a major impact on toxicity whatever the partitioning in soot or residue. Conversely, CaCO₃ as expected does not impact the nanowaste toxicity and does not seem able to mitigate the SiO₂ toxicity.

本研究侧重于 "废物中的纳米材料 "领域的研究，并显示了提供不同废物中纳米材料定量数据的难度。正如欧洲化学品管理局报告（2021 年 11 月）中强调的那样，尽管在纳米材料的表征和测量方面取得了重大进展，但仍存在一些挑战，特别是复杂介质中纳米材料的表征。因此，应继续改进纳米材料的检测、表征和定量工作，以完善不同类型纳米废物混合物的数据库。纳米复合材料的主要报废方式是焚烧。已从纳米颗粒分区和潜在毒性协同效应的角度考虑了环境副产品对土壤和空气的影响。应按照经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的建议，对纳米复合材料的报废进行专门管理，以限制纳米颗粒通过填埋，特别是在焚烧设施中的传播，因为在焚烧设施中纳米颗粒的存在正显著增加。我们的研究旨在扩大目前对纳米废物（主要是纳米复合材料混合物）分区的了解，以及潜在有害纳米废物对毒理学特征的潜在协同或拮抗影响。本研究采用实验室规模的焚烧工艺，对同时含有二氧化硅和沉淀碳酸钙的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）纳米复合材料的焚烧产物（与电缆护套成分相对应）进行了调查。使用各种相关实验技术对烟尘和残留物成分进行了分析，以评估是否存在初始纳米颗粒。进行的体外毒理学评估表明，纳米颗粒的存在似乎只影响了促炎反应。无论在烟尘或残留物中的分布如何，SiO2 纳米颗粒似乎都会对毒性产生重大影响。相反，正如预期的那样，CaCO3 不会影响纳米废物的毒性，似乎也不能减轻 SiO2 的毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Nanofiberous composite with CuO-Ag0 supported on bamboo/lycra for protection against transmittable infectious diseases 在竹子/岩棉上添加 CuO-Ag0 的纳米纤维复合材料，用于预防可传播的传染病

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100108

Abdul Wahab Jatoi , Faisal Ahmed Memon , Muhammad Ishaque Abro

The transmittable infectious diseases, detrimental environmental contaminants and harmful UV radiations remained constant threat to human civilization. Cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis bacteria, rubella virus, RSV and COVID19, then urban and industrial emissions, volcanic eruptions, pollen, aerosols on one hand and skin cancer, sunburn, premature ageing and skin tanning on the other hand are some of the examples of serious risks to health, safety and well-being. The WHO reported over 7million worldwide deaths due to hazardous air contaminants. Exploiting the tremendous features of nanofiberous structure and excellent microbiocidal properties of Ag⁰ and CuO nanoparticles, a sustainable and stable nanofiber based composite Bmb-nanoNP was developed. Utilization of biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and environmental friendly polymers enabled the composite as sustainable source for protective clothing purposes. The microparticulate filtration of Bmb-nanoNP was 99.13 % and 96 % with and without air suction respectively. The microbiocidal affect against E. coli and S. aureus strains was excellent(5.9 % and 8.86 % cell viabilities respectively). Similarly, the Bmb-nanoNP showed calculated UV protection factor (UPF) of 7954 (50 + rating).These characteristics demonstrated potential candidacy of the Bmb-nanoNP composite for multi-functional safety clothing applications.

可传播的传染病、有害的环境污染物和有害的紫外线辐射始终威胁着人类文明。一方面是感冒、肺炎、结核菌、风疹病毒、RSV 和 COVID19，另一方面是城市和工业排放物、火山爆发、花粉、气溶胶，还有皮肤癌、晒伤、过早衰老和皮肤晒黑，这些都是严重危害健康、安全和福祉的例子。据世界卫生组织报告，全世界有 700 多万人死于有害空气污染物。利用纳米纤维结构的巨大特点以及 Ag0 和 CuO 纳米粒子的优异微生物杀灭特性，开发出了一种可持续且稳定的基于纳米纤维的 Bmb-nanoNP 复合材料。利用生物相容、可生物降解、无毒和环保的聚合物，该复合材料可作为防护服的可持续来源。在吸气和不吸气的情况下，Bmb-nanoNP 的微粒过滤率分别为 99.13% 和 96%。对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果非常好（细胞存活率分别为 5.9 % 和 8.86 %）。同样，Bmb-nanoNP 计算得出的紫外线防护系数（UPF）为 7954（50 + 等级）。

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引用次数: 0

A scalable exfoliating approach to achieve high-quality shell nanosheets with large lateral size and surface functionalization 实现大横向尺寸和表面功能化的高质量壳纳米片的可扩展剥离方法

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100112

Yuansen Liu , Qi Wu , Xinqing Zheng , Min Nie

With rapid development of global marine aquaculture, large amounts of waste shellfish as an aquaculture by-product are generated after consumption. At present, waste seashell powder (WSP) as fillers mixed with polymers is a potentially efficient method to add-value recycle WSP, but the poorly compatibility and seriously agglomeration of WSP results in the low mechanical properties and then reduces the value of recycled shell-based products. In this study, a facile ball-milling exfoliation method with the assistance of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to exfoliate shell materials into high-quality shell nanosheets (SNs) is present. In this case, PEI macromolecular had dual function: it not only acted as a buffer between milling balls and WSP to prevent excessive breaking of the WSP, but also interacted with active bonds on the surface to functionalize the SNs. As a demonstration, the high quality SNs achieve an average lateral size of 414 nm and thickness of 5 nm. Furthermore, the grafting of hydroxyl and amine functional groups onto the SNs, along with the low surface energy of the resulting SNs, has the potential to enhance interfacial interactions with the polymer matrix, thus promoting the overall performance of shell-based composites. This work presents a green and scalable approach for the value-added recycling of waste seashells, offering a sustainable solution to address the environmental impact of aquaculture by-products.

随着全球海水养殖业的快速发展，大量废弃贝类作为养殖副产品被消耗后产生。目前，将废弃贝壳粉（WSP）作为填料与聚合物混合是实现废弃贝壳粉增值再利用的一种潜在有效方法，但由于废弃贝壳粉相容性差、团聚严重，导致其机械性能低下，进而降低了再生贝壳基产品的价值。本研究采用球磨剥离法，在聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）的辅助下将贝壳材料剥离成高质量的贝壳纳米片（SN）。在这种情况下，聚乙烯亚胺大分子具有双重功能：它不仅在研磨球和 WSP 之间起缓冲作用，防止 WSP 过度破碎，还能与表面的活性键相互作用，使 SN 功能化。结果表明，高质量 SN 的平均横向尺寸为 414 nm，厚度为 5 nm。此外，羟基和胺官能团接枝到 SNs 上，加上所产生 SNs 的低表面能，有可能增强与聚合物基体的界面相互作用，从而提高壳基复合材料的整体性能。这项工作为废弃贝壳的增值回收提供了一种绿色、可扩展的方法，为解决水产养殖副产品对环境的影响提供了一种可持续的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring of magnetic phase: Co-doped SiC thin films grown by RF sputtering 磁性相的定制：通过射频溅射生长的掺杂碳化硅薄膜

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100110

Mukesh Kumar , Amit Kumar Singh , Ashwani Kumar , Rinku Kumar , Yogendra K. Gautam , Sarat Kumar Dash , Ramesh Chandra

In the present work, we investigate the influence of cobalt (Co) doping on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt-doped silicon carbide (Co-SiC) thin films. The films were fabricated using DC/RF magnetron sputtering technique on Si (100) substrates at a temperature of 1200°C, with varying Co concentrations ranging from 5 to 16 at. (at%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis unveiled the co-existence of CoSi₂ and SiC phases in all the thin films. Surface morphological study through atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the densely packed nature of the films. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) study showed that particles are uniformly distributed at the surface of the substrate. According to UV measurements, the films have high transmittance in the visible range, and as Co concentration rises, transmittance decreases. A magnetic phase transition from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior occurred with Co content surpassing 8 at% in the SiC thin films. Moreover, an increase in coercivity was observed from 38 Oe to 316 Oe as the doping concentration increased from 10 to 16 at%. This study represents an exploration into the induction of ferromagnetism through moderate Co doping in SiC thin films.

在本研究中，我们研究了掺钴 (Co) 对掺钴碳化硅（Co-SiC）薄膜的结构和磁性能的影响。薄膜采用直流/射频磁控溅射技术在温度为 1200°C 的 Si (100) 基底上制造，钴浓度范围为 5 至 16 at.%。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析表明，所有薄膜中都同时存在 CoSi2 和 SiC 相。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）进行的表面形貌研究显示了薄膜的致密性。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）研究表明，颗粒均匀地分布在基底表面。紫外线测量结果表明，薄膜在可见光范围内具有较高的透射率，随着钴浓度的增加，透射率会降低。当碳化硅薄膜中的钴含量超过 8% 时，就会出现从超顺磁性到铁磁性的磁性相变。此外，随着掺杂浓度从 10% 增加到 16%，还观察到矫顽力从 38 Oe 增加到 316 Oe。这项研究是对通过在碳化硅薄膜中适度掺入钴来诱导铁磁性的探索。

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引用次数: 0

Structural and morphological studies of non-covalent functionalization carbon nanotubes wrapped poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) nanocomposites 非共价官能化碳纳米管包裹聚（3-己基噻吩-2,5-二基）纳米复合材料的结构和形态研究

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100111

N. Abdullah , N.M. Nurazzi , I.P. Silverwood , S.K. Matam , S.Z.N. Demon , N.S.N. Sa'aya , N.A. Halim , K.W. Baharin

In this study, a simple and efficient non-covalent functionalization method was developed to introduce conducting polymer of P3HT onto pristine MWCNT and hydroxyl MWCNT surfaces without causing significant changes in electrical characteristics, especially if used as a sensing material. Electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and (HR-TEM) were used to examine the surface morphology of nanocomposites, which demonstrated that the MWCNTs were well wrapped by P3HT. EDX analysis showed interactions between MWCNT-OH and P3HT, with a higher sulfur content of 7.77 wt% from P3HT. Additionally, the diameters of both pristine MWCNT (24.46 nm) and MWCNT-OH (27.56 nm) increased significantly when they form nanocomposites (35.35 nm and 39.40 nm respectively). Further characterization of the produced P3HT-MWCNT nanocomposite was performed using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. It was discovered that MWCNTs were dispersed uniformly, with a substantial interaction between P3HT and MWCNTs. The introduction of malathion on the surface of the nanocomposites reveals interaction between P3HT and malathion via intermolecular hydrogen bonding of thiophene, as evidenced by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopy, suggesting that the P3HT/MWCNT has the potential as a promising sensing material for organophosphate compounds detection.

本研究开发了一种简单高效的非共价官能化方法，在原始 MWCNT 和羟基 MWCNT 表面引入导电聚合物 P3HT，而不会导致电学特性发生显著变化，尤其是在用作传感材料时。使用电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和（HR-TEM）观察纳米复合材料的表面形貌，结果表明 P3HT 很好地包裹了 MWCNT。EDX 分析表明，MWCNT-OH 与 P3HT 之间存在相互作用，P3HT 的硫含量较高，为 7.77 wt%。此外，当原始 MWCNT（24.46 nm）和 MWCNT-OH（27.56 nm）形成纳米复合材料时，其直径显著增加（分别为 35.35 nm 和 39.40 nm）。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱对制备的 P3HT-MWCNT 纳米复合材料进行了进一步表征。结果发现，MWCNTs 分散均匀，P3HT 与 MWCNTs 之间存在大量相互作用。非弹性中子散射（INS）光谱显示，在纳米复合材料表面引入马拉硫磷后，P3HT 和马拉硫磷之间通过噻吩的分子间氢键相互作用，这表明 P3HT/MWCNT 有潜力成为有机磷化合物检测的传感材料。

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引用次数: 0

A review of saponin-based nanocarriers for drug delivery 基于皂素的纳米载体给药综述

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100109

Pathy B. Lokole , Galilée G. Byamungu , Paulin K. Mutwale , Nadège K. Ngombe , Michel K. Mpuza , Virima Mudogo , Rui W.M. Krause , Christian I. Nkanga

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used as smart vehicles for the target delivery of therapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and diagnostic agents. The versatility of NPs applications partly arises from the possibility of manufacturing various NPs types depending on the nature of starting materials. In most cases, amphiphilic materials such as phospholipids, solid lipids, fatty acid derivatives, and blends of oils/surfactants, are used to make distinct NPs, namely liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), micelles, and nanoemulsions, respectively. In the pipeline of raw materials, saponins have emerged as a promising alternative for NPs formulation. Saponins are plant-derived secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) with excellent amphiphilic properties, which allow them to play crucial roles in nanotechnology, including their usage as reagents for micellar preparation as well as stabilizing agents for several NPs. Saponin-based NPs have been used to improve the solubility, and pharmacological profile of various active ingredients, encompassing vaccines, owing to inherent immunostimulant/adjuvant properties of saponins. In this review, we mainly discuss the state of the art in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of saponin-containing NPs, focusing on using saponins as raw materials to make original NPs or as adjuvants for improving already established NPs. The physicochemical properties of saponins have been highlighted, before describing putative nano-formulations with huge promise for drug delivery and vaccine development. The opportunities and challenges pertaining to saponins-containing NPs have been pointed out to set the stage for establishing saponins as an intriguing raw material for the effective translational development of revolutionary nanomedicines.

纳米粒子（NPs）已被广泛用作靶向输送治疗、免疫治疗和诊断药物的智能载体。NPs 应用的多样性部分源于可根据起始材料的性质制造各种类型的 NPs。在大多数情况下，磷脂、固体脂质、脂肪酸衍生物和油/表面活性剂混合物等两亲性材料可用于制造不同的 NPs，即脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）、胶束和纳米乳液。在原材料方面，皂苷已成为制备纳米粒子的一种有前途的替代品。皂素是源自植物的次生代谢产物（植物化学物质），具有优异的两亲特性，这使其在纳米技术中发挥了重要作用，包括用作胶束制备试剂以及多种 NPs 的稳定剂。由于皂素固有的免疫增强剂/佐剂特性，以皂素为基础的 NPs 已被用于改善各种活性成分（包括疫苗）的溶解性和药理特性。在这篇综述中，我们主要讨论了含皂素 NPs 在生物医学和制药方面的应用现状，重点是使用皂素作为原料来制造原始 NPs 或作为佐剂来改进已建立的 NPs。在重点介绍皂素的物理化学特性之前，还介绍了在药物输送和疫苗开发方面大有可为的潜在纳米制剂。研究人员指出了含有皂素的 NPs 所面临的机遇和挑战，从而为将皂素作为有效转化开发革命性纳米药物的原料奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0