Next Nanotechnology最新文献

Biocompatible and ecofriendly selenium nanoparticles in diabetes and wound healing 生物相容性和生态友好的硒纳米颗粒在糖尿病和伤口愈合

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100366

Kainat Mirza , Laiba Hasan , Mehak Pracha , Tanveer Ahmad , Meryam Sardar

The present study reports the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) through an eco-friendly method using guava leaf extract for their application in diabetes and wound healing. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and Dynamic light scattering. TEM revealed the spherical morphology of Se-NPs and a size range of 2–5 nm. The Se-NPs inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucosidase), which are key in managing intestinal glucose absorption. These Se-NPs exhibit IC50 values of 15 µg mL⁻¹ for α-amylase and 21 µg mL⁻¹ for α-glucosidase. These nanoparticles effectively adsorb glucose, and adsorption increases with an increase in glucose concentration. 10 mg mL⁻¹ of nanoparticles can adsorb as low as 5 mmol of glucose. The study also explored Se-NPs' ability to enhance glucose uptake by human RBCs (hRBCs), akin to insulin mechanisms. At a concentration of 20 µg mL⁻¹ of both Se-NPs and acarbose, glucose uptake by hRBCs is 83 %, which is higher than that of the standard drug acarbose (62 %). Additionally, cytotoxicity assays on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) demonstrated that Se-NPs have an IC50 value of 25 µg mL^−1, which shows much lower toxicity compared to sodium selenite salt (3.6 µg mL⁻¹). Further, the biocompatibility of Se-NPs was studied by measuring mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential, and cellular proliferation. In vitro wound healing assays indicated that at 15 µg mL⁻¹ of Se-NPs, around 100 % of wound closure was achieved after 15 h, whereas the control without nanoparticles showed only 37 % wound closure. Overall, this research underscores the multifaceted biomedical applications of Se-NPs synthesized via guava leaf extract, suggesting promising avenues for future therapeutic development.

本研究报道了以番石榴叶提取物为原料，通过生态友好的方法合成硒纳米粒子（Se-NPs），并将其应用于糖尿病和伤口愈合。通过紫外可见光谱、透射电镜和动态光散射对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征。TEM显示Se-NPs为球形，尺寸范围为2-5 nm。Se-NPs抑制碳水化合物消化酶（α -淀粉酶和葡萄糖苷酶），这是控制肠道葡萄糖吸收的关键。这些Se-NPs对α-淀粉酶的IC50值为15 µg mL−1，对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为21 µg mL−1。这些纳米颗粒有效地吸附葡萄糖，并且吸附量随着葡萄糖浓度的增加而增加。10 mg mL−1的纳米颗粒可以吸附低至5 mmol的葡萄糖。该研究还探索了Se-NPs增强人红细胞（hrbc）葡萄糖摄取的能力，类似于胰岛素的机制。当Se-NPs和阿卡波糖的浓度为20 µg mL−1时，hrbc的葡萄糖摄取率为83 %，高于标准药物阿卡波糖的62 %。此外，对人角质形成细胞（HaCaT）的细胞毒性试验表明，Se-NPs的IC50值为25 µg mL−1，与亚硒酸钠盐（3.6 µg mL−1）相比，其毒性要低得多。此外，通过测定线粒体ROS、膜电位和细胞增殖来研究Se-NPs的生物相容性。体外伤口愈合实验表明，在15 µg mL−1 Se-NPs下，15 h后伤口愈合率约为100% %，而未添加纳米颗粒的对照组伤口愈合率仅为37% %。总之，本研究强调了番石榴叶提取物合成Se-NPs的多方面生物医学应用，为未来的治疗开发提供了有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Nanostructured lipid carriers for topical drug delivery: A comprehensive review of design, mechanisms, and therapeutic advances 局部给药的纳米结构脂质载体：设计、机制和治疗进展的全面回顾

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100367

Mamta Kumari , Dipti Gohil , Piyushkumar Sadhu

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) represent a significant advancement in topical drug delivery, overcoming key limitations of earlier lipid-based systems such as Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs). By combining solid and liquid lipids into a nanometric matrix, NLCs enhance drug entrapment, increase loading capacity, and provide greater stability. These properties support improved skin permeation, controlled release, and targeted delivery to deeper skin layers, thereby minimizing systemic side effects. This review critically examines the scientific foundation and formulation strategies of NLCs, including their composition, classification, and manufacturing methods. It highlights the influence of lipid and surfactant selection on physicochemical parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Detailed mechanisms of drug release and skin penetration through intercellular, transcellular, and trans-appendageal pathways are explored, alongside the role of NLCs in forming occlusive films that enhance skin hydration and barrier repair. The review also evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of NLCs in treating inflammatory disorders, fungal infections, and chronic dermatological conditions based on preclinical and clinical studies. NLCs offer promising advantages in topical therapy, including superior bioavailability, sustained drug retention, and enhanced patient compliance. Their integration with precision medicine and cosmetic dermatology marks them as next-generation carriers for safe and effective topical drug delivery.

纳米结构脂质载体（nlc）在局部给药方面取得了重大进展，克服了早期基于脂质系统（如固体脂质纳米颗粒（sln））的关键局限性。通过将固体和液体脂质结合成纳米基质，NLCs增强了药物包裹，增加了负载能力，并提供了更大的稳定性。这些特性支持改善皮肤渗透，控制释放，并有针对性地输送到更深的皮肤层，从而最大限度地减少系统的副作用。这篇综述批判性地考察了NLCs的科学基础和配方策略，包括它们的组成、分类和制造方法。它强调了脂质和表面活性剂的选择对物理化学参数的影响，如粒度、zeta电位和包埋效率。本文探讨了药物释放和皮肤通过细胞间、跨细胞和跨阑尾途径渗透的详细机制，以及NLCs在形成闭塞膜、增强皮肤水合作用和屏障修复中的作用。该综述还基于临床前和临床研究评估了NLCs治疗炎症性疾病、真菌感染和慢性皮肤病的疗效。NLCs在局部治疗中具有良好的优势，包括优越的生物利用度、持续的药物保留和增强的患者依从性。它们与精密医学和美容皮肤科的结合标志着它们成为安全有效的局部药物输送的下一代载体。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf extract on Macrotyloma uniflorum germination 牙买加水青树叶提取物合成纳米银对一花巨叶藻萌发的影响

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100363

K. Deeksha , Dakshayini

This research focuses on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (SJLE) and examines their effectiveness in plant growth stimulation under agricultural conditions. On addition of SJLE to a 1.0 mM AgNO₃ solution, a visible colour change to reddish brown was observed within 45 min, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectrum depicted a prominent peak at 434 nm, confirming the generation of AgNPs from SJLE (SJ-AgNPs). The one-parameter-at-a-time approach for optimizing synthesis parameters revealed maximum SJ-AgNP formation (SPR at 434 nm) at 5 % (v/v) SJLE, 2.0 mM AgNO3, with a 5 h reaction time. SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles were moderately agglomerated and spherical, with a size range of 10–30 nm. In contrast, EDS confirmed the presence of Ag, C, and O elements, signifying their high purity. The capping of SJLE phytochemicals on the SJ-AgNP surface was confirmed by identification of functional groups such as C – H, C – O – C or C – O, C – N, C= O and O – H. XRD pattern showed peaks at 2Ɵ values corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes confirming the crystalline nature and face centred cubic structure of the AgNPs. Biological evaluation showed that these SJ-AgNPs exhibited a dose-dependent influence on horse gram seed germination and early growth. At low to moderate concentrations (2 – 8 mg/L), the nanoparticles enhanced both germination rate and seedling growth. However, concentrations above 10 mg/L drastically inhibited germination percentage, delayed germination, and reduced seedling biomass and root length, indicating phytotoxicity at elevated levels.

本研究主要研究了利用牙买加水青树（Stachytarpheta jamaicensis， SJLE）叶提取物合成纳米银粒子（AgNPs），并考察了其在农业条件下促进植物生长的有效性。将SJLE添加到1.0 mM AgNO3溶液中，在45 min内观察到颜色变为红棕色，表明银纳米颗粒形成。紫外可见光谱在434 nm处有一个显著的峰，证实了AgNPs的产生（SJ-AgNPs）。在5 % (v/v) SJLE， 2.0 mM AgNO3条件下，反应时间为5 h，单参数一次优化合成参数的方法显示SJ-AgNP的最大生成（SPR为434 nm）。SEM图像显示，纳米颗粒呈中等团聚球形，粒径范围为10 ~ 30 nm。相反，EDS证实了Ag、C和O元素的存在，表明它们的纯度很高。通过对SJ-AgNP表面的C - H、C - O - C或C - O、C - N、C= O和O - H等官能团的鉴定，证实了SJLE植物化学物质在SJ-AgNP表面的封盖作用。XRD谱图显示，（111）、（200）、（220）和（311）面对应的2Ɵ峰值证实了agnp的结晶性质和面心立方结构。生物学评价表明，这些SJ-AgNPs对马兰种子萌发和早期生长具有剂量依赖性。在低至中等浓度（2 - 8 mg/L）下，纳米颗粒提高了发芽率和幼苗生长。然而，浓度高于10 mg/L会显著抑制发芽率，延迟发芽，减少幼苗生物量和根长，表明浓度升高具有植物毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Pigment mediated biosynthesis of crystalline silver nanostructures: Structural characterization and enhanced multifunctional bioactivity 色素介导的结晶银纳米结构的生物合成：结构表征和增强的多功能生物活性

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100364

Akshay Chavan , Guruprasad Mavlankar , Prajakta Baikar , Parvindar Sah , Neha Mourya , Pravin Tirmali , Umesh Kakde

Harnessing the innate biochemical intelligence of nature is redefining nanotechnology. The present study reports the use of a red pigment from Talaromyces australis for the synthesis of AgNPs using sunlight. Color changes confirmed the formation of AgNPs, which was evidenced by the observation of a SPR peak at ∼ 430 nm. TEM revealed spherical AgNPs with an average size of 16 ± 2 nm, whereas NTA showed a narrow size distribution and excellent colloidal stability. The FCC structure was confirmed using XRD, and FTIR confirmed the involvement of three functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and C–O) in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Disc diffusion assays indicated that the pigment inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, and that the inhibition was concentration-dependent (zones: 9.33–15.66 mm). Antimicrobial activity was pronounced at a higher concentration of AgNPs (1 mg/mL), with zones of inhibition between 12.33–13.00 mm. MIC confirmed that antimicrobial activity was enhanced for the AgNPs (500 µg/mL for crude pigment and 62.5 µg/mL for AgNPs). Improvements were also observed in antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (DPPH IC₅₀ < 10 µg/mL) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay (ABTS IC₅₀ < 10 µg/mL) and dose-dependent cytotoxicity (GI₅₀ = < 10 µg/mL and TGI = 53.0 µg/mL). These findings imply that Talaromyces australis pigment is a highly efficient and sustainable bio-reductant for the rapid biosynthesis of multifunctional AgNPs with improved biomedical potential.

利用大自然天生的生化智能正在重新定义纳米技术。本研究报告了使用来自南Talaromyces australis的红色色素利用阳光合成AgNPs。颜色变化证实了AgNPs的形成，这是在~ 430 nm处观察到的SPR峰所证明的。TEM显示AgNPs的平均粒径为16 ± 2 nm，而NTA显示AgNPs的粒径分布窄，胶体稳定性好。用XRD和FTIR证实了FCC的结构，并证实了三个官能团（羟基、羰基和C-O）参与了AgNPs的还原和稳定。圆盘扩散试验表明，该色素对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长均有抑制作用，且抑制作用呈浓度依赖性（范围：9.33 ~ 15.66 mm）。AgNPs在较高浓度（1 mg/mL）下具有明显的抑菌活性，抑菌区在12.33 ~ 13.00 mm之间。MIC证实AgNPs的抗菌活性增强（粗色素500 µg/mL， AgNPs 62.5 µg/mL）。使用2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼（DPPH）测定法（DPPH IC₅₀< 10 µg/mL）和2,2 ' -氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸测定法（ABTS IC₅₀< 10 µg/mL）和剂量依赖性细胞毒性（GI₅₀= <； 10 µg/mL和TGI = 53.0 µg/mL）也观察到抗氧化活性的改善。这些发现表明，南Talaromyces australis色素是一种高效、可持续的生物还原剂，可用于快速生物合成多功能AgNPs，具有更高的生物医学潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Mathematical modeling of tumor nanomechanical fingerprints: A weighted skew-normal distribution approach for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring 肿瘤纳米力学指纹的数学建模：一种用于癌症诊断和治疗监测的加权偏正态分布方法

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100365

Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris , Ioannis Psychogios , Anna Malamou , Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos , Andreas Stylianou

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a key method for nanomechanical characterization of cells and tissues, with AFM-derived fingerprints proposed as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. These signatures typically include a higher elasticity peak (HEP), reflecting extracellular matrix stiffening due to collagen overproduction, and a lower elasticity peak (LEP), indicative of cancer cell softening. Despite their potential, AFM elasticity spectra are often assessed qualitatively, and a standardized mathematical framework for quantitative analysis is lacking. Here, we provide a rigorous mathematical characterization of Young’s modulus distribution in normal and cancerous tissues, aiming to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Previously published AFM elasticity spectra from murine tumors were employed and analyzed to evaluate tumor nanomechanical changes at different time points, 14, 21, and 28 days after cell implantation, including both untreated controls and a tranilast-treated group, with tranilast being a drug known to reduce collagen levels. The weighted skew-normal distribution was employed to model AFM data due to its ability to capture the two-peak structure of cancerous tissue, reflecting a mixture of soft cancer cells and stiffer components. We hypothesized that tranilast treatment would progressively shift the HEP to lower values. Model accuracy was confirmed by high R² values and low Cramér–von Mises (CvM) criteria. Results revealed a transition from a two-peak distribution in controls (HEP and LEP) to peak convergence in tranilast-treated tissue at 28 days. We conclude that the weighted skew-normal distribution offers a robust method for quantifying tumor nanomechanics, which is related to therapeutic outcomes.

原子力显微镜（AFM）是细胞和组织纳米力学表征的关键方法，AFM衍生的指纹被认为是癌症诊断和治疗监测的生物标志物。这些特征通常包括较高的弹性峰值（HEP），反映了胶原蛋白过量产生导致的细胞外基质硬化，以及较低的弹性峰值（LEP），表明癌细胞软化。尽管具有潜力，但AFM弹性谱通常是定性评估的，并且缺乏用于定量分析的标准化数学框架。在这里，我们提供了一个严格的杨氏模量分布在正常和癌组织的数学表征，旨在提高癌症的诊断和治疗监测。先前发表的来自小鼠肿瘤的AFM弹性光谱被用于评估细胞植入后不同时间点（14,21和28天）的肿瘤纳米力学变化，包括未治疗的对照组和曲尼司特治疗组，曲尼司特是一种已知的降低胶原蛋白水平的药物。加权偏正态分布被用于模拟AFM数据，因为它能够捕获癌组织的双峰结构，反映了软癌细胞和硬成分的混合物。我们假设曲尼司特治疗会逐渐将HEP降低到较低的值。较高的R²值和较低的cram - von Mises （CvM）准则证实了模型的准确性。结果显示，对照组（HEP和LEP）从双峰分布转变为28天曲尼司特处理组织的峰值收敛。我们得出的结论是，加权偏正态分布为量化与治疗结果相关的肿瘤纳米力学提供了一种可靠的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating nanomaterials 纳米材料掺入混凝土力学性能与耐久性对比研究

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100361

Suresh Kumar Verma , Md Daniyal , Dulal Goldar

This study investigated the influence of nano-SiO₂, nano-Al₂O₃, and nano-CaCO₃ on the workability, strength, and durability of cementitious composites at 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % replacement levels of OPC. The slump test results showed a steady decline in workability with increasing nanoparticle content due to their ultrafine size and large surface area, which raised water demand. Among the additives, nano-SiO₂ produced the greatest reduction in slump, while nano-CaCO₃ had the least effect. Compressive strength improved in all nano-modified mixes, with the highest enhancement at 3 % replacement viz. 26.3 % for nano-SiO₂, 24.6 % for nano-Al₂O₃, and 12.3 % for nano-CaCO₃ compared with the control. After 360 days of exposure to tap, saline, and acidic media, the nano-modified concretes exhibited superior strength retention and durability. Electrical resistivity tests confirmed higher resistivity for all nano-concretes, particularly for the 3 % nano-SiO₂ mix (NS3), indicating a denser and less permeable structure. Electrochemical analysis revealed that NS3 had the lowest corrosion rate and current density, providing maximum protection to steel reinforcement. Microstructural observations demonstrated denser microstructures, reduced porosity, and increased calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel formation in nano-modified mixes, particularly NS3. These findings establish the potential of nano-engineered concretes in enhancing mechanical performance and durability for infrastructure exposed to aggressive environments.

本研究考察了纳米sio2、纳米al2o3和纳米caco3在OPC替代量为1 %、3 %和5 %时对胶凝复合材料和易性、强度和耐久性的影响。坍落度试验结果表明，随着纳米颗粒含量的增加，可加工性逐渐下降，这是由于纳米颗粒的超细尺寸和大表面积增加了需水量。其中，纳米sio2对坍落度的影响最大，纳米caco3对坍落度的影响最小。所有纳米改性混合料的抗压强度都有所提高，与对照相比，纳米sio2、纳米al2o3和纳米caco3的抗压强度分别在3 %、26.3 %、24.6 %和12.3 %时增强幅度最大。在自来水、盐水和酸性介质中暴露360天后，纳米改性混凝土表现出优异的强度保持和耐久性。电阻率测试证实，所有纳米混凝土的电阻率都较高，特别是3 %纳米- sio2混合物（NS3），表明其结构更致密，渗透性更低。电化学分析表明，NS3具有最低的腐蚀速率和电流密度，对钢筋的保护作用最大。微观结构观察表明，纳米改性混合物（尤其是NS3）的微观结构更致密，孔隙率更低，水合硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶形成增加。这些发现确立了纳米工程混凝土在提高暴露于恶劣环境下的基础设施的机械性能和耐久性方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring multi-component nanofiber architectures of ZnO, curcumin, and andrographis paniculata for advanced wound care applications 探索ZnO、姜黄素和穿心莲的多组分纳米纤维结构在高级伤口护理中的应用

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100362

Umapathi Krishnamoorthy , A. Ramjan Begam , S. Keerthiga , M. Sakthi kathir , S. Selvaharini , Sri sakthi vadivelan

Nanofiber wound dressings (NFWDs) have become a promising biomaterial for wound care and tissue regeneration engineering. Significant factors that facilitate their reliable use in wound care includes, (i) ECM mimicry architecture, (ii) biocompatibility of polymers, (iii) capabilities for drug inclusion, (iv) biodegradability possibilities. Though single component NFWDs could provide the required structural integrity and biocompatibility, they become insufficient in satisfying the requirements of complex wound healing process which demands, simultaneous exudate absorption, maintaining moist environment, sustained drug release, antimicrobial functions, tissue regeneration. In addition, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) demands using novel and nature-derived drugs with wound dressings. Hence, multi-component wound dressing (MCWD) that integrate multiple functional components, nature derived drugs are vastly investigated to harvest the synergistic effect of its ingredient. This review investigates, the biomedical potentials of ZnO, Curcumin and Andrographis paniculata with the objective of exploring the feasibility of developing a MCWD integrating them in the form of a nano fibrous membrane. The article begins with the review of (i) wound healing potential, (ii) integrated nano fibrous realization and (iii) limitations of using ZnO nanoparticles, curcumin and Andrographis paniculata. Further, the article presents a brief introduction to electrospinning along with the methods employed for obtaining desired fiber properties. In addition, the synergistic benefits harvested by integrating the materials are presented and characterization, bio-activity testing to be conducted for validating the efficacy of a wound healing material are revealed. Finally, methods employed for addressing the limitations are presented. This article offers two-fold benefits, (i) it reveals NF fabrication methods, characterization, testing methods and (ii) presents the bio medical potentials of ZnO, Curcumin and Andrographis paniculata. Thus, this review could act as a reliable and readily understandable resource for promoting wound care research and development.

纳米纤维伤口敷料已成为一种很有前途的生物材料，用于伤口护理和组织再生工程。促进其在伤口护理中可靠使用的重要因素包括：(i) ECM模拟结构，（ii）聚合物的生物相容性，（iii）药物包涵能力，（iv）生物可降解性的可能性。单组分nfwd虽然可以提供所需的结构完整性和生物相容性，但在复杂的伤口愈合过程中，需要同时吸收渗出液、保持湿润环境、持续药物释放、抗菌功能和组织再生等方面的要求是不够的。此外，抗菌素耐药性（AMR）要求使用新型和天然衍生的药物与伤口敷料。因此，整合多种功能成分的多组分伤口敷料（MCWD）被广泛研究，以获取其成分的协同效应。本文对氧化锌、姜黄素和穿心莲的生物医学潜力进行了研究，目的是探索将它们以纳米纤维膜的形式整合在一起的MCWD的可行性。本文首先回顾了(i)伤口愈合潜力，（ii）集成纳米纤维的实现和（iii）使用氧化锌纳米颗粒，姜黄素和穿心莲的局限性。此外，本文还简要介绍了静电纺丝以及获得所需纤维性能的方法。此外，介绍了整合材料所获得的协同效益，并揭示了为验证伤口愈合材料的功效而进行的表征和生物活性测试。最后，提出了解决局限性的方法。本文揭示了纳米纤维的制备方法、表征方法和测试方法，揭示了氧化锌、姜黄素和穿心莲的生物医学潜力。因此，这篇综述可以作为促进伤口护理研究和发展的可靠和容易理解的资源。

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引用次数: 0

The role of nanotechnology in male fertility assessment 纳米技术在男性生育能力评估中的作用

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100360

Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi , Ayomide Jonathan Jegede , Ubong Edem David , Olaniyi Azeez Soetan , Lateef Olabisi Okeleji

Male fertility assessment is critical for diagnosing infertility and optimizing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Male infertility affects approximately 50 % of infertility cases worldwide, impacting an estimated 30 million men globally, with the male infertility market projected to grow from $3.1 billion in 2024 to $5.5 billion by 2030. Traditional semen analysis methods are limited by subjectivity, extended processing times, and inability to detect subcellular abnormalities such as DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool offering high-precision sperm analysis through nanoparticles, biosensors, and microfluidic systems that enable real-time evaluation. This review explores current advancements including: quantum dot-based bioimaging, DNA fragmentation detection, oxidative stress measurement, microfluidic sperm sorting, and nano-biosensors for hormonal biomarker detection from non-invasive samples. Critically, these technologies could enhance diagnostic accuracy transitioning fertility care from static, single-visit assessments to dynamic, biomarker-guided interventions. However, clinical translation faces significant barriers. While global standardization bodies have established protocols for general nanoparticle characterization, diagnostic-specific standardization for fertility applications remains inadequate. Additional challenges include nanoparticle toxicity concerns, regulatory complexity, and economic barriers. Our comparative analysis indicates quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles show particular promise for immediate clinical translation, while microfluidic systems demonstrate superior DNA integrity preservation. This review proposes a roadmap integrating nanotechnology into andrology practice, emphasizing diagnostic capabilities, with future directions including artificial intelligence integration and point-of-care device development.

男性生育能力评估是诊断不孕症和优化辅助生殖技术（ART）的关键。男性不育症影响全球约50% %的不育症病例，影响全球约3000万男性，预计男性不育症市场将从2024年的31亿美元增长到2030年的55亿美元。传统的精液分析方法受主观性、处理时间延长以及无法检测亚细胞异常（如DNA断裂和氧化应激）的限制。纳米技术已经成为一种变革性的工具，通过纳米颗粒、生物传感器和微流体系统提供高精度的精子分析，从而实现实时评估。本文综述了目前的进展，包括基于量子点的生物成像，DNA片段检测，氧化应激测量，微流体精子分选，以及用于从非侵入性样品中检测激素生物标志物的纳米生物传感器。至关重要的是，这些技术可以提高诊断的准确性，将生育护理从静态的单次就诊评估转变为动态的生物标志物引导干预。然而，临床翻译面临着很大的障碍。虽然全球标准化机构已经建立了一般纳米颗粒表征的协议，但用于生育应用的诊断特异性标准化仍然不足。其他挑战包括纳米颗粒毒性问题、监管复杂性和经济障碍。我们的比较分析表明，量子点和磁性纳米颗粒在即时临床翻译方面表现出特别的希望，而微流体系统则表现出更好的DNA完整性保存。这篇综述提出了将纳米技术融入男科实践的路线图，强调诊断能力，未来的方向包括人工智能集成和护理点设备的开发。

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引用次数: 0

Light attenuation and optical absorption characteristics of graphene-chitosan nanomaterials-based quandary nanocomposites 石墨烯-壳聚糖纳米复合材料的光衰减和光吸收特性

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100358

Sarah Aljelawy , Ehssan Al-Bermany , Ali Razzaq Abdulridha

Polymer-based graphene oxide nanocomposites represent an attractive class of materials due to their functional groups and wide range of applications in engineering and medicine. In this study, the interaction between nano-chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets within polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blended with polyacrylic acid (PAA) was investigated to fabricate two novel PVP–PAA–CS/GO nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of strong interfacial interactions and distinct functional groups. At the same time, X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a transition from amorphous to semicrystalline behavior after the incorporation of nanomaterials. Optical microscopy revealed the fracture surface characteristics and the fine dispersion of the components. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated improved optical properties. Furthermore, the optical absorbance at 340 nm increased from 0.65 in PVP–PAA to 1.09 in PVP–PAA–CS/GO, indicating that ternary mix polymers and GO nanoparticles have formed a complex at around 300 nm, with a reduction of the optical band gap from 3.7 to 3.4 eV. The addition of nanomaterials enhanced the absorption behavior, dielectric constants (real and imaginary), and optical conductivity. Furthermore, the radiation attenuation of the composites improved significantly, with the half-value layer (HVL) increasing from 2.41 to 4.13 cm. These results highlight the potential of the prepared nanocomposites for diverse optoelectronic and light-shielding applications.

聚合物基氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料由于其功能基团和在工程和医学上的广泛应用而成为一类有吸引力的材料。在本研究中，研究了纳米壳聚糖（CS）与氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）与聚丙烯酸（PAA）共混中相互作用，制备了两种新型PVP - PAA - CS/GO纳米复合材料。傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）证实存在强的界面相互作用和明显的官能团。同时，x射线衍射（XRD）结果表明，纳米材料掺入后，材料由非晶向半晶转变。光学显微镜显示了断口表面特征和组分的精细分散。紫外可见光谱显示了改进的光学性能。此外，PVP-PAA在340 nm处的光学吸光度从0.65增加到1.09，表明三元混合聚合物和氧化石墨烯纳米粒子在300 nm附近形成了配合物，光学带隙从3.7减小到3.4 eV。纳米材料的加入增强了材料的吸收性能、介电常数（实介电常数和虚介电常数）和导电性。此外，复合材料的辐射衰减显著提高，半值层（HVL）从2.41 cm增加到4.13 cm。这些结果突出了所制备的纳米复合材料在各种光电和光屏蔽应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced targeted delivery of cisplatin via folate and boron-modified magnetic nanoparticles: A promising approach for cervical cancer treatment 通过叶酸和硼修饰的磁性纳米颗粒增强顺铂的靶向递送：一种有前途的宫颈癌治疗方法

Next Nanotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100352

Popsy Raj , Manoj M. Gadewar , Prashanth Gopala Krishna , Debashish Paramanick , Srilatha Rao , Lalithamba Haraluru Shankaraiah , N.P. Bhagya

This study aims on the development and evaluation of cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) modified with folate (FA) and boron to enhance targeted drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. FA and boron were employed as targeting ligands, while aldehyde sodium alginate (ASA) was used as a stabilizing modifier to improve the surface activity and stability of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles synthesized via chemical co-precipitation. FA and boron were activated through interaction with NH₂-PEG-NH₂, through non-covalent chemical bonding, forming stable and water-soluble complexes. ASA was combined to Fe₃O₄ NPs after FA-PEG linkage via Schiff base formation. Subsequent substitution of chloride in cisplatin with the hydroxyl group of ASA yielded FA- and ASA-modified CIS-FA-ASA-MNPs, along with boron-coated counterparts. MTT assays demonstrated that cisplatin-loaded NPs significantly reduced cancer cell viability compared to other formulations, with CIS-loaded boron-coated NPs exhibiting pronounced cytotoxicity even at lower doses. The IC₅₀ value of CIS-loaded boron-coated NPs (0.61 µg/mL) was markedly lower than that of CIS-loaded FA-coated NPs (0.65 µg/mL) and free cisplatin (1.25 µg/mL), confirming superior anticancer potential. Enhanced apoptosis was observed due to improved nanocarrier internalization by CIS-loaded boron-coated NPs. These results highlight the promise of boron-coated, cisplatin-loaded NPs as a targeted therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer. The enhanced cytotoxicity compared with conventional formulations is attributed to improved cellular uptake and controlled drug release. Further in vivo and biological studies are warranted to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of this novel delivery system.

本研究旨在开发和评价叶酸和硼修饰的顺铂负载纳米颗粒（NPs），以增强靶向给药和治疗效果。以FA和硼为靶配体，以醛型海藻酸钠（ASA）为稳定改性剂，提高化学共沉淀法合成的磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的表面活性和稳定性。FA和硼通过与NH₂-PEG-NH₂的非共价化学键相互作用而活化，形成稳定的水溶性配合物。FA-PEG通过席夫碱形成键合，ASA与Fe₃O₄NPs结合。随后用ASA的羟基取代顺铂中的氯，得到FA-和ASA修饰的CIS-FA-ASA-MNPs，以及硼包覆的对应物。MTT试验表明，与其他制剂相比，装载顺铂的NPs显著降低了癌细胞活力，装载顺铂的硼包被NPs即使在较低剂量下也表现出明显的细胞毒性。cis负载的硼包覆NPs的IC₅₀值（0.61 µg/mL）明显低于cis负载的fa包覆NPs（0.65 µg/mL）和游离顺铂（1.25 µg/mL），证实了优越的抗癌潜力。由于负载cis的硼包被NPs改善了纳米载体的内化，观察到细胞凋亡增强。这些结果突出了硼包被的顺铂负载NPs作为宫颈癌靶向治疗策略的前景。与传统制剂相比，增强的细胞毒性归因于改善细胞摄取和控制药物释放。需要进一步的体内和生物学研究来验证这种新型给药系统的治疗效果和安全性。

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引用次数: 0