Experimentally-validated buckling behavior of wire-arc additively manufactured stainless steel bars

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Engineering Structures Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.119701

Vittoria Laghi , Giada Gasparini, Tomaso Trombetti, Michele Palermo

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Abstract

Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a metal 3D printing technology suitable to realize large-scale elements of complex form. The deposition strategy of metal can be either layer-by-layer, used for shells and solid parts, or dot-by-dot, resulting in bars and lattice structures. This latter has in particular the potential to realize new resource-efficient lightweight structural elements with reduced material use. The mechanical properties of dot-by-dot WAAM-produced stainless steel bars have been previously investigated under tensile and bending loading. The present work reports the results from experimental tests on the same bars with different lengths under compression loading to predict the buckling behavior of WAAM-produced slender elements. The different response of the specimens is governed by both the geometrical irregularities proper of the printing process and the different slenderness ratios of the tested specimens. The results are then interpreted according to the Eurocode approach, adapting the buckling curves proposed by the European structural design codes to WAAM stainless steel material properties. Finally, a new method to calibrate the overall imperfection factor proper of WAAM slender elements is proposed.

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实验验证了电弧增材制造不锈钢棒的屈曲行为

线弧增材制造（WAAM）是一种适用于实现大型复杂形状元件的金属3D打印技术。金属的沉积策略可以是一层一层地用于外壳和固体部件，也可以是一点一点地形成条形和晶格结构。后者尤其具有实现新的资源高效轻质结构元素的潜力，同时减少了材料的使用。点对点waam生产的不锈钢棒在拉伸和弯曲载荷下的力学性能已经进行了研究。本文报道了不同长度的相同杆在压缩载荷作用下的试验结果，以预测waam制造的细长构件的屈曲行为。试样的不同响应是由印刷工艺的几何不规则性和试样的不同长细比共同决定的。然后根据欧洲规范方法解释结果，将欧洲结构设计规范提出的屈曲曲线适应于WAAM不锈钢材料的性能。最后，提出了一种新的WAAM细长构件整体缺陷系数的校正方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Engineering Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

14.50%

发文量

1385

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Engineering Structures provides a forum for a broad blend of scientific and technical papers to reflect the evolving needs of the structural engineering and structural mechanics communities. Particularly welcome are contributions dealing with applications of structural engineering and mechanics principles in all areas of technology. The journal aspires to a broad and integrated coverage of the effects of dynamic loadings and of the modelling techniques whereby the structural response to these loadings may be computed. The scope of Engineering Structures encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: infrastructure engineering; earthquake engineering; structure-fluid-soil interaction; wind engineering; fire engineering; blast engineering; structural reliability/stability; life assessment/integrity; structural health monitoring; multi-hazard engineering; structural dynamics; optimization; expert systems; experimental modelling; performance-based design; multiscale analysis; value engineering. Topics of interest include: tall buildings; innovative structures; environmentally responsive structures; bridges; stadiums; commercial and public buildings; transmission towers; television and telecommunication masts; foldable structures; cooling towers; plates and shells; suspension structures; protective structures; smart structures; nuclear reactors; dams; pressure vessels; pipelines; tunnels. Engineering Structures also publishes review articles, short communications and discussions, book reviews, and a diary on international events related to any aspect of structural engineering.