Engineering Structures最新文献

Experimental investigation on hysteresis behaviour of large-size SMA-BRB and its application in steel frame 大尺寸SMA-BRB滞回性能试验研究及其在钢框架中的应用

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121831

Huihui Dong , Zhile Yang , Qiang Han , Jiawang Liu , Xiuli Du

Shape memory alloy (SMA) buckling-restrained brace (BRB) includes a NiTi SMA plate as core plate and restraining elements. This paper experimentally investigated the hysteretic behaviour of large-size SMA-BRBs, to promote the practical engineering applications of SMA plates. To this end, superelastic NiTi SMA plate specimens with 4 mm thickness and 6 mm thickness were developed, and the monotonic loading tests, tensile cyclic loading tests, and constant loading tests were conducted to investigate their mechanical properties. The results show that SMA plate specimens exhibit high strength and good self-centering capacity. On this basis, large-size SMA-BRB specimens with core cross-sectional dimensions of 4 mm × 24 mm and 6 mm × 36 mm were manufactured and subjected to quasi-static cyclic tests, and an innovative welding method was conducted at the end of the SMA inner plate with the SMA-BRB specimens with 6 mm thickness. For comparison, Q235 Steel-BRB specimens of identical dimensions were also tested under the same loading protocol. Furthermore, the SMA-BRBs were applied to a steel frame to enhance seismic performance based on finite element model (FEM), and a steel frame with Steel-BRBs were also included for comparison. Comparison results show that under frequently occurred earthquakes (FOE) hazard level, SMA-BRBs have a limited effect on controlling peak and residual inter-story drift ratios. However, under design-basis (DBE) and maximum considered earthquakes (MCE), SMA-BRBs with higher post-yield stiffness more effectively reduce the peak inter-story drift ratios, with a residual inter-story drift ratio reduction exceeding 95 %.

形状记忆合金（SMA）抗屈曲支撑（BRB）包括NiTi SMA板作为芯板和约束元件。本文对大尺寸SMA- brb的滞回特性进行了实验研究，旨在促进SMA板的实际工程应用。为此，研制了厚度分别为4 mm和6 mm的超弹性NiTi SMA板试件，进行了单调加载试验、拉伸循环加载试验和恒加载试验，研究了其力学性能。结果表明，SMA板试样具有较高的强度和良好的自定心能力。在此基础上，制作了芯部截面尺寸为4 mm × 24 mm和6 mm × 36 mm的大尺寸SMA- brb试件，进行了准静态循环试验，并在SMA内板末端与厚度为6 mm的SMA- brb试件进行了创新焊接方法。为了进行比较，在相同的加载方案下也进行了相同尺寸的Q235钢- brb试件的试验。此外，基于有限元模型（FEM），将sma - brb应用于钢框架以提高其抗震性能，并将带有钢- brb的钢框架进行了比较。对比结果表明，在频繁地震灾害等级下，sma - brb对控制峰值和剩余层间漂移比的作用有限。然而，在设计基础（DBE）和最大考虑地震（MCE）下，具有较高屈服后刚度的sma - brb更有效地降低了峰值层间位移比，剩余层间位移比降低超过95% %。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of bolt loosening monitoring and life prediction method under transverse load based on load equivalence relationship 基于荷载等效关系的横向荷载作用下螺栓松动监测及寿命预测方法研究

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122175

Wenyang Shao , Han Zhao , Long Yang , GuangWu Yang , Zhe Zhang , Tao Zhu , Bing Zhang

To establish a method for predicting the loosening life of bolts under random vibration conditions, a mechanical model of the bolt-connection structure was analyzed. An equivalent relationship between the bending moment M of the screw under transverse vibration and the transverse displacement D of the connection interface was established. The accuracy of this equivalent relationship was verified through simulation calculations and experiments. A relationship curve (D–N_L curve) between transverse displacement and the loosening life of M16 bolts was derived from bolt-loosening tests. In the random vibration tests under transverse excitation conditions, the bending moment-time history of the bolt was measured using a force-measuring bolt, while the displacement-time history was determined using the established equivalent relationship. A bolt-loosening life prediction method for engineering applications was then developed, incorporating the cumulative model of bolt-loosening damage, the rainflow counting method, and the D–N_L curve. By applying this prediction method to the displacement-time history, the loosening life of the bolt was calculated. The results were subsequently compared with experimental data on bolt-loosening life, confirming the accuracy of the proposed analysis method under random transverse loads. This method provides valuable insights and has scientific significance for optimizing the design of bolt-connection structures, as well as for monitoring and preventing bolt loosening.

为了建立随机振动条件下螺栓松动寿命的预测方法，对螺栓连接结构的力学模型进行了分析。建立了螺杆在横向振动下的弯矩M与连接界面的横向位移D之间的等效关系。通过仿真计算和实验验证了该等效关系的准确性。通过螺栓松动试验，得到了M16螺栓横向位移与松动寿命的关系曲线（D-NL曲线）。在横向激励条件下的随机振动试验中，采用测力杆测量锚杆的弯矩时程，采用建立的等效关系确定锚杆的位移时程。结合螺栓松动损伤累积模型、雨流计数法和D-NL曲线，提出了一种适用于工程应用的螺栓松动寿命预测方法。将该预测方法应用于位移-时间过程，计算了螺栓的松动寿命。结果与螺栓松动寿命的实验数据进行了比较，验证了所提分析方法在随机横向载荷下的准确性。该方法为螺栓连接结构的优化设计、螺栓松动的监测和预防提供了宝贵的见解和科学意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic-data-driven modeling of multi-material composite columns: Toward intelligent lightweight design 多材料复合柱的力学数据驱动建模：走向智能轻量化设计

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122134

Shan Gao , Jicheng Xu , Feng Fu , Zhenhua Huang , Jean Francois Demonceau , Jie Yang

This study examines the axial compressive performance of multi-material composite columns consisting of concrete-filled steel tubes with embedded CFRP-confined timber cores. A data-driven framework integrating theoretical model, finite element simulation and machine learning prediction is established to address the limited accuracy and scalability of conventional dual-material designs. An analytical bearing-capacity model is derived by accounting for steel confinement, CFRP hoop restraint, and timber orthotropy, of which results match FE results well with 5% deviations. Parametric investigations show that increasing steel yield strength and tube thickness would enhance the capacity of the composite columns, whereas CFRP confinement improves the post-crushing response and ductility of the timber core. The columns with circular cores exhibit better deformability than those with square ones. For axial bearing capacity prediction, a theory-residual-modified XGBoost model is proposed, in which theoretical estimates are corrected via SHAP-guided residual learning, achieving higher accuracy than single learners and ensemble baselines. A lightweight design tool is further developed for single/batch evaluation, automatic capacity-to-self-weight assessment, and interpretable prediction, enabling up to 22% self-weight reduction. The proposed methodology provides a validated and practical route for optimizing sustainable, lightweight multi-material composite columns.

本研究考察了内嵌cfrp约束木芯钢管混凝土多材料组合柱的轴压性能。建立了一个集理论模型、有限元仿真和机器学习预测于一体的数据驱动框架，以解决传统双材料设计的有限精度和可扩展性问题。考虑钢约束、CFRP箍约束和木材正交异性，建立了分析承载力模型，计算结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好，偏差为5%。参数分析表明，增加钢的屈服强度和管材厚度可以提高复合柱的承载力，而碳纤维布约束可以改善木材核心的破碎后响应和延性。圆形柱芯比方形柱芯具有更好的变形能力。对于轴向承载力预测，提出了一种理论残差修正的XGBoost模型，该模型通过shap引导残差学习对理论估计进行修正，比单一学习器和集合基线具有更高的精度。进一步开发了一种轻量化设计工具，用于单/批评估、自动容量-自重评估和可解释预测，可将自重减少22%。所提出的方法为优化可持续的、轻量级的多材料复合柱提供了一种行之有效的实用途径。

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引用次数: 0

Global stability and strength of high-strength aluminium alloy T-section columns 高强度铝合金t型柱的整体稳定性和强度

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122154

Binxu Li , Ke Jiang , Andi Su , Yue Yang , Yuanwen Ouyang

High-strength aluminium alloys have found increasing applications in structural engineering due to their superior mechanical characteristics and outstanding durability against corrosion. However, research on the stability and design of aluminium monosymmetric section columns remains limited. To fill the research gap, the present study integrates experimental and numerical approaches to examine the buckling behaviour and performance of high-strength aluminium T-section columns. In the experimental programme, material tests, measurements of geometric imperfections and fixed-ended column tests were performed. Subsequently, numerical models were established and validated against test results, enabling parametric investigations across a wider scope of section geometries and specimen lengths. Based on experimental and parametric data, the reliability of the design rules in existing design codes for aluminium columns – including Eurocode and American Specification – was assessed. As a supplement, the applicability of the Direct Strength Method prescribed in the American Specification for cold-formed steel structures was also assessed. The results revealed that: (i) both the European and American aluminium design standards provide accurate and consistent resistance predictions for columns failing by flexural buckling; however, their predictions for flexural–torsional buckling exhibit greater scatter and tend to be conservative by up to 32%; (ii) the accuracy and consistency of Eurocode predictions are sensitive to local buckling interaction, for both flexural and flexural–torsional failure modes; (iii) the codified Direct Strength Method for cold-formed steel structures demonstrates the most accurate failure load predictions irrespective of failure mode, remaining overall conservative by about 12%, thereby demonstrating its applicability to the design of high-strength aluminium T-section columns.

高强度铝合金由于其优越的机械特性和优异的抗腐蚀耐久性，在结构工程中得到了越来越多的应用。然而，对铝单对称截面柱的稳定性和设计研究仍然有限。为了填补研究空白，本研究将实验和数值方法结合起来研究高强度铝t型柱的屈曲行为和性能。在实验程序中，进行了材料测试、几何缺陷测量和固定端柱测试。随后，根据测试结果建立了数值模型并进行了验证，从而可以在更大范围内对截面几何形状和试样长度进行参数化研究。基于试验和参数化数据，对现有铝柱设计规范（包括欧洲规范和美国规范）中设计规则的可靠性进行了评估。作为补充，还评估了美国规范中规定的直接强度法对冷弯型钢结构的适用性。结果表明：(1)欧洲和美国的铝设计标准对受弯屈曲破坏的柱提供了准确和一致的抗力预测；然而，他们对弯曲-扭转屈曲的预测表现出更大的分散性，并且倾向于保守高达32%；（ii）欧洲规范预测的准确性和一致性对局部屈曲相互作用很敏感，无论是弯曲破坏模式还是弯曲扭转破坏模式；（iii）经规范的冷弯型钢结构直接强度法在任何破坏模式下都能给出最准确的破坏荷载预测，总体保守率约为12%，从而证明其适用于高强度铝t型柱的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison between deterministic and probabilistic ground motion estimation methods for performance-based seismic design of a building structure 基于性能的建筑结构抗震设计中确定性与概率地震动估计方法的比较

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122145

Hanse Moon , Ju-Hyung Kim , Hong-Gun Park

Current performance-based seismic design of building structures uses deterministic ground motion estimation methods, neglecting variability in soil properties. The present study investigated the influence of soil variability on seismic response through a probabilistic framework. A performance-based seismic assessment was conducted on a 25-story reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame building with core walls, applying multiple simulations of three-dimensional linear and nonlinear time history analyses. Three estimation methods were compared: (a) deterministic site response analysis (DSRA); (b) probabilistic site response analysis (PSRA) considering soil variability; and (c) spectrum matching to a wide-banded soft soil response spectrum (SpecMatch) without performing site response analysis. Linear analysis showed that the dispersion of the seismic responses in PSRA was consistent with that of the input response spectra, while the median responses were similar across all estimation methods. By contrast, nonlinear analysis showed that the discrepancy in response dispersion between PSRA and the other methods was amplified compared to the linear case, particularly in beam deformations that governed the building’s inelastic behavior. Unlike the linear case, PSRA produced greater median responses than DSRA, attributed to the interaction between soil variability and system nonlinearity. These findings suggest that PSRA is recommended for the rigorous seismic design of building structures located on soil sites that are expected to show significant inelastic behaviors.

目前基于性能的建筑结构抗震设计采用确定性地震动估计方法，忽略了土壤性质的可变性。本文通过概率框架研究了土壤变异对地震反应的影响。采用三维线性和非线性时程分析的多重模拟，对25层带核心墙的钢筋混凝土抗弯矩框架建筑进行了基于性能的地震评估。比较了三种估算方法：(a)确定性场地响应分析（DSRA）；(b)考虑土壤变异性的概率站点响应分析（PSRA）；(c)在不进行场地响应分析的情况下，与宽带状软土响应谱（SpecMatch）进行谱匹配。线性分析表明，PSRA的地震反应频散与输入反应谱的频散一致，而各估计方法的中位数响应相似。相比之下，非线性分析表明，与线性情况相比，PSRA和其他方法之间的响应色散差异被放大，特别是在控制建筑物非弹性行为的梁变形中。与线性情况不同，PSRA比DSRA产生更大的中位数响应，这归因于土壤变异性和系统非线性之间的相互作用。这些发现表明，PSRA是推荐用于严格的抗震设计的建筑结构，位于土壤场地，预计将显示出显著的非弹性行为。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the racking performance of OSB-sheathed, LVL-framed midply shear walls osb护套、lvl框架中厚剪力墙货架性能试验研究

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122139

Zhichao Zheng, Xiaoyue Zhang, Xuhong Zhou

This study experimentally investigates the effects of framing materials, spruce-pine-fir (SPF) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and openings on the racking performance of midply shear walls. Double-shear sheathing-to-framing (STF) connections were first tested, and the results demonstrate that their shear performance is strongly influenced by the framing material and the loading protocol (monotonic or cyclic), whereas the effect of loading direction (parallel or perpendicular) is comparatively minor. Under cyclic loading, double-shear STF connections with LVL members exhibited increases of 41.9 % in shear capacity and 35.1 % in shear stiffness, respectively, compared with those with SPF members. Corresponding midply shear walls framed with LVL exhibited increases of 21.8 %, 23.8 %, and 20.3 % in racking capacity, racking stiffness, and energy dissipation, respectively, compared with those framed with SPF. Full-scale wall tests further revealed that openings altered the failure modes of midply shear walls and significantly reduced their racking performance, with larger openings causing even greater losses. Walls without openings predominantly failed at the double-shear STF connections, whereas walls with openings developed initial cracks at the opening corners of the sheathing panels, which gradually extended and widened, ultimately leading to wall failure. Comparison with literature-reported empirical formulas indicates that Yasumura et al.’s model shows the closest agreement with the racking capacity of midply shear walls with openings, while He et al.’s model provides reliable estimates of racking stiffness for walls with window openings but substantially overestimates it for walls with door openings.

本研究通过实验研究了框架材料、云杉杉木（SPF）和层压单板木材（LVL）以及开口对中厚剪力墙货架性能的影响。首先对STF连接进行了双剪试验，结果表明其抗剪性能受框架材料和加载方式（单调或循环）的强烈影响，而加载方向（平行或垂直）的影响相对较小。循环荷载作用下，与SPF节点相比，配置LVL节点的双剪STF节点的抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度分别提高了41.9 %和35.1% %。与SPF框架相比，LVL框架相应的中厚剪力墙的承载力、刚度和耗能分别提高了21.8% %、23.8% %和20.3% %。全尺寸墙体试验进一步表明，开孔改变了中厚剪力墙的破坏模式，显著降低了其机架性能，开孔越大，损失越大。无开口的墙体主要在双剪STF连接处破坏，而有开口的墙体在护墙板开口角处产生初始裂缝，裂缝逐渐延伸加宽，最终导致墙体破坏。与文献报道的经验公式比较表明，Yasumura等人的模型与带开口的中厚剪力墙的机架能力最吻合，而He等人的模型对带开口的墙的机架刚度提供了可靠的估计，但对带开口的墙的机架刚度估计过高。

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引用次数: 0

Anomaly warning classification based on deep learning method and temperature-induced effect of bridge crack monitoring data 基于深度学习方法和温度效应的桥梁裂缝监测异常预警分类

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122158

Congcong Fan , Youliang Ding , Fangfang Geng , Zhaoxu Lv , Kang Yang

To address the significant periodic temperature variation interference and strong coupling of abnormal characteristics in structural crack monitoring under complex environmental conditions, this study proposes a deep-learning-based anomaly-warning framework for identifying data-quality anomalies in temperature-driven crack-width monitoring data. First, wavelet transform is applied to decompose the original crack time-series signal, extracting the low-frequency component dominated by temperature to achieve physical decoupling of environmental noise and damage characteristics. Next, the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) encoding strategy is introduced to convert one-dimensional time-series signals into two-dimensional image representations, effectively highlighting cross-scale abnormal patterns and enhancing feature recognizability. Based on this, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is constructed to accurately classify and mine potential patterns in abnormal data of periodic changes in temperature-induced crack width. To verify the framework's effectiveness, contrastive experiments are carried out using a real bridge crack monitoring dataset, systematically evaluating the performance of different network architectures and providing a reasonable balance between computational efficiency and model accuracy. Furthermore, large-scale data applications in concrete box girders and a practical case of monitoring data from a suspension bridge in a multi-span engineering project further confirm the method's efficiency and rationality. Experimental results indicate that the basic CNN based model achieves an accuracy of 98.26 % in abnormal classification tasks and a minimum of 97.81 % in the other bridge cases, demonstrating excellent stability and generalization ability. The deep-learning-based anomaly-warning framework proposed in this study is designed for anomaly detection and quality control of structural monitoring data under complex environmental conditions, exhibits high robustness and good engineering applicability, and facilitates the advancement of monitoring technologies toward greater efficiency, accuracy, and automation. It also provides a reliable data foundation and technical support for subsequent structural safety assessment.

针对复杂环境条件下结构裂缝监测中存在明显的周期性温度变化干扰和异常特征强耦合问题，提出了一种基于深度学习的异常预警框架，用于识别温度驱动裂缝宽度监测数据中的数据质量异常。首先，利用小波变换对原始裂纹时间序列信号进行分解，提取以温度为主的低频分量，实现环境噪声与损伤特征的物理解耦；其次，引入格拉曼角场（GAF）编码策略，将一维时间序列信号转换为二维图像表示，有效地突出了跨尺度异常模式，增强了特征的可识别性。在此基础上，构建卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，对温度裂缝宽度周期性变化异常数据进行准确分类和挖掘潜在模式。为了验证该框架的有效性，使用真实桥梁裂缝监测数据集进行了对比实验，系统地评估了不同网络架构的性能，并在计算效率和模型精度之间提供了合理的平衡。通过对混凝土箱梁的大规模数据应用和某悬索桥多跨工程监测数据的实例验证了该方法的有效性和合理性。实验结果表明，基于CNN的基本模型在异常分类任务中准确率可达98.26 %，在其他桥例中准确率可达97.81 %，具有良好的稳定性和泛化能力。本研究提出的基于深度学习的异常预警框架是针对复杂环境条件下结构监测数据的异常检测和质量控制而设计的，具有较高的鲁棒性和良好的工程适用性，促进了监测技术向更高的效率、准确性和自动化方向发展。为后续的结构安全评价提供了可靠的数据基础和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Novel kinked connection component (KCC) for enhanced progressive collapse performance in CFST column–steel beam joints 提高钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点连续破坏性能的新型扭结连接构件

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122144

Long Zheng , Yu-Chen Zhang , Yan-Li Shi , Wen-Da Wang , Yin-Quan Yu

This paper proposes a novel kinked connection component (KCC) applied to concrete–filled steel tubular (CFST) column–steel beam joints to enhance progressive collapse performance. A static collapse test simulating the failure of a middle column is conducted to analyze the failure modes, vertical load–displacement response, bending moment and axial force evolution, and the underlying collapse resistance actions. Experimental results show that, compared to specimens with straight connection components (SP), the KCC specimens exhibit increases of 26.6–65.5% in ultimate load and 54.2–89.4% in the corresponding vertical displacement. These improvements are attributed to the dual–stage action of the KCC, which significantly enhances the catenary action (CA). This effect becomes more pronounced with increasing wave height (h_KCC). Compared with the WFP connection specified in FEMA350 and the WUF–B connection in DoD guidelines, the KCC improves progressive collapse indicators: initial plastic chord rotation(I) and total plastic chord rotation (II) by 631.6–668.4% and 158.6–388.9%, respectively, indicating superior plasticity and rotational capacity. Finite element models (FEMs) simulations yield results consistent with the experimental findings. Full–range loading simulations further capture the second peak load (F_p2) and corresponding vertical displacement(u_Fp2), revealing that the collapse resistance parameters exceed those observed in the experiments, demonstrating excellent progressive collapse potential. Additionally, the study investigates the influence of Ω–shaped, V–shaped, and W–shaped kink waveform. It finds that the initial displacement reserve increases with the geometric deformation of the cold–formed components. However, excessive bending angles (e.g., Ω–shape) and multiple folds (e.g., W–shape) may lead to undesirable stress concentrations and premature failure, thereby reducing the load–bearing and deformation capacities in the later stages. Regardless of the kink shape, increasing the h_KCC consistently improves both deformation and load–bearing.

本文提出了一种新型的用于钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的扭结连接构件（KCC），以提高其连续倒塌性能。通过模拟某中柱破坏的静态破坏试验，分析了中柱的破坏模式、竖向荷载-位移响应、弯矩和轴向力演化以及底层抗倒塌作用。试验结果表明，与直连构件（SP）相比，KCC试件的极限荷载提高了26.6 ~ 65.5%，竖向位移提高了54.2 ~ 89.4%。这些改进归功于KCC的双阶段作用，它显着增强了接触网作用（CA）。随着浪高（hKCC）的增加，这种影响变得更加明显。与FEMA350中规定的WFP连接和DoD指南中规定的WUF-B连接相比，KCC在初始塑性弦旋转(I)和总塑性弦旋转（II）两项递进式破坏指标上分别提高了631.6-668.4%和158.6-388.9%，表明了更强的塑性和旋转能力。有限元模型（fem）的模拟结果与实验结果一致。全范围加载模拟进一步捕获了第二峰值荷载（Fp2）和相应的垂直位移（uFp2），揭示了抗倒塌参数超过了实验中观察到的参数，显示出良好的逐步倒塌潜力。此外，研究还考察了Ω-shaped、v形和w形扭结波形的影响。研究发现，初始位移储备随冷弯构件几何变形的增大而增大。然而，过大的弯曲角度（如Ω-shape）和多次褶皱（如w形）可能导致不良的应力集中和过早破坏，从而降低后期的承载和变形能力。无论扭结形状如何，增加hKCC都能持续改善变形和承重。

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引用次数: 0

Unsupervised and noise-resilient crack detection in concrete and masonry via self-organizing maps 基于自组织图的无监督和噪声弹性混凝土和砌体裂缝检测

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122130

Xinxin Sun , Peter Chang

This paper proposes a lightweight, interpretable, and label-free crack segmentation framework based on unsupervised Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering with minimal human-in-the-loop semantic labeling at the cluster level. Unlike prior SOM-based approaches that rely on patch-level descriptors or handcrafted clustering heuristics, our method performs direct pixel-level segmentation by clustering low-level features—including grayscale, contrast, edge sharpness, thinness, hue, local averages, and relative grayscale indicators—without requiring any labeled data, model training, or manual thresholds. Tested on field-acquired imagery from diverse surface types—including concrete, brick, and shadow-affected regions—the framework achieves 2 % error on textured brick and 4–5 % on concrete and shadowed surfaces, consistently outperforming classical filters such as Canny (up to 15 %) and Sobel (up to 12 %). Feature ablation experiments further reveal material-specific sensitivities, offering insights into SOM’s internal decision process and reinforcing its interpretability and robustness. While Sobel performs comparably on smooth concrete with clear edges, its accuracy deteriorates substantially under textured or low-contrast conditions, whereas SOM maintains stable performance across all materials under the same evaluation protocol. To assess downstream utility, SOM-generated masks were used as optional pseudo-labels to supervise a compact U-Net trained on only three images, which reproduced accurate segmentations within the same domain. This demonstrates SOM’s capacity to serve as a cost-free pseudo-labeling mechanism for weakly supervised SHM workflows in low-data regimes. Designed for edge deployment, the system processes 276 × 434–800 × 600 grayscale images in 8–12 s on standard CPUs, requiring no GPU or retraining—making it well-suited for UAV-based bridge inspections and other field scenarios where compute resources and data are limited. This hybrid paradigm—merging unsupervised clustering with lightweight deep learning—offers a largely training-free, label-free, and explainable alternative to data-hungry models for infrastructure diagnostics under real-world constraints.

本文提出了一种基于无监督自组织映射（SOM）聚类的轻量级、可解释、无标签的裂缝分割框架，该框架在聚类层面上最小化了人工在环语义标记。与先前依赖于补丁级描述符或手工聚类启发式的基于som的方法不同，我们的方法通过聚类低级特征（包括灰度、对比度、边缘清晰度、薄度、色调、局部平均值和相对灰度指标）来执行直接的像素级分割，而不需要任何标记数据、模型训练或手动阈值。对来自不同表面类型（包括混凝土、砖和阴影影响区域）的现场采集图像进行了测试，该框架在纹理砖上的误差为2% %，在混凝土和阴影表面上的误差为4 - 5% %，始终优于经典过滤器，如Canny（高达15% %）和Sobel（高达12% %）。特征消融实验进一步揭示了材料特异性的敏感性，为SOM的内部决策过程提供了见解，并加强了其可解释性和鲁棒性。虽然Sobel在边缘清晰的光滑混凝土上表现相当，但在纹理或低对比度条件下，其精度会大幅下降，而SOM在相同的评估方案下对所有材料保持稳定的性能。为了评估下游效用，som生成的掩码被用作可选的伪标签，以监督仅在三幅图像上训练的紧凑U-Net，该U-Net在同一域中复制了准确的分割。这证明了SOM在低数据条件下作为弱监督SHM工作流的无成本伪标记机制的能力。该系统专为边缘部署而设计，在标准cpu上以8-12 秒处理276张 × 434-800 × 600张灰度图像，不需要GPU或重新训练，非常适合基于无人机的桥梁检查和其他计算资源和数据有限的现场场景。这种混合范例——将无监督聚类与轻量级深度学习相结合——为在现实世界的约束下进行基础设施诊断的数据饥渴模型提供了一种基本上不需要训练、不需要标签和可解释的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Research on restoring force model of displacement amplification rotary friction damper considering unloading slip behavior 考虑卸载滑移特性的位移放大旋转摩擦阻尼器恢复力模型研究

IF 6.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122156

Xicheng Zhang , Leilei Liu , Yao Cui , Jiayuan Li

This study investigates a displacement amplification rotary friction damper (DARFD) based on the leverage principle, which exhibits superior energy dissipation capacity. To analyze the restoring force behavior and quantify the resulting improvement in seismic performance, a restoring force model incorporating unloading slip phenomena was proposed. Cyclic tests were conducted at multiple loading rates to examine the influence of rate on performance stability. Quasi-static test results were analyzed to investigate the damper’s strength and stiffness degradation. Based on Coulomb friction theory and the quasi-static test results, a restoring force model incorporating unloading slip was proposed. Its accuracy was validated by comparing experimental hysteretic curves and cumulative energy-dissipation data. A simplified numerical model that includes the DARFD was then used to evaluate the device’s effect on structural response. The results indicate that neither the number of cycles nor the loading rate significantly influences damper performance. The model predicts peak loads to within 10 % of the experimental values and captures slip during unloading. Finally, dynamic analysis employing a simplified DARFD-integrated structural model reveals significant seismic response mitigation, with peak displacements reduced by 29.0 % and 31.1 % under the Lanzhou and Taft earthquake records, respectively.

研究了一种基于杠杆原理的位移放大旋转摩擦阻尼器（DARFD），该阻尼器具有优异的耗能能力。为了分析恢复力行为并量化由此带来的抗震性能改善，提出了考虑卸载滑移现象的恢复力模型。在多种加载速率下进行了循环试验，考察了加载速率对性能稳定性的影响。分析了准静态试验结果，研究了阻尼器的强度和刚度退化情况。基于库仑摩擦理论和准静态试验结果，提出了考虑卸载滑移的恢复力模型。通过对比实验滞回曲线和累积能量耗散数据，验证了其准确性。然后使用包含DARFD的简化数值模型来评估装置对结构响应的影响。结果表明，循环次数和加载速率对阻尼器的性能影响不显著。该模型预测峰值荷载在实验值的10 %以内，并捕获卸载过程中的滑移。最后，采用简化的darfd集成结构模型进行动力分析，结果表明，在兰州和塔夫脱地震记录下，峰值位移分别降低了29.0 %和31.1 %。

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