Understanding fibromyalgia: A comprehensive review of the literature

Abstract

Background

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex and debilitating chronic pain condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain often accompanied by fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbance, psychiatric issues, and various somatic symptoms. It is more prevalent in women between 30 and 60 years.

Aim of the work

To provide a comprehensive overview on FM, covering its pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, the role of artificial intelligence (AI), and available treatment options.

Review

The pathophysiology of FM remains poorly understood and may involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that lead to abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system. Diagnosis is primarily clinical after exclusion of other conditions. The overlap between FM, chronic pain syndromes and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome or “long COVID-19” is still debatable. Till now there have been no definitive laboratory tests or imaging studies to diagnose FM. Management, often a multidisciplinary approach, includes pharmacological treatments, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as exercise and stress management techniques. The adoption of AI in its diagnosis and management is a new area of interest in FM. Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FM and developing innovative therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion

This review highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach to FM management, including pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological therapies, and psychological support. Furthermore, it urges the need for further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms contributing to FM, to improve the diagnosis and management of this challenging condition.