Experimental study on performance and emission optimization of MgO nanoparticle-enriched 2nd generation biodiesel: A method for employing nanoparticles to improve cleaner diesel combustion

Abstract

An important issue in reducing exhaust emissions and enhancing engine performance is transitioning from conventional fuels to renewable energy-based technologies. This shift is particularly crucial for compression ignition engines, which are widely used in the transportation industries. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with second-generation jojoba biodiesel, enhanced using MgO-based nano additives. Experiments were performed under variable load conditions ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 kW, with different concentrations of MgO (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm) incorporated into the biodiesel blends. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize fuel composition and operating conditions for maximum efficiency and minimum emissions. The results indicated a 6.7 % reduction in BSFC and a 7.3 % increase in BTE attributed to the improved combustion efficiency through the addition of 100 ppm MgO. Additionally, CO and HC emissions were reduced by 12.7 % and 30.1 %, respectively. Using RSM, the optimum parameters were found at a load of 1.49 kW and a MgO concentration of 40.9 ppm, achieving a desirability score of 0.7489. This study confirms that jojoba biodiesel with MgO nano additives shows significant potential as an eco-friendly alternative fuel, improving engine performance and reducing emissions. The findings provide valuable insights into its application, particularly in promoting environmental sustainability within the energy sector.