{"title":"Hydrogen sensing performance and stability of WO3–SiO2 composite film doped with Pt catalyst","authors":"Chihiro Tajima, Kyosuke Sawada, Shinji Okazaki, Naoya Kasai","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen energy has attracted attention as a new energy carrier because it does not generate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during combustion. However, numerous problems face the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure society. One problem is safety when using hydrogen. A fast sensing system for hydrogen at low concentrations will be needed for hydrogen to be used safely. WO<sub>3</sub> is expected to be used as an optical hydrogen sensor element because it reacts with hydrogen and changes color. We prepared Pt-doped WO<sub>3</sub> films by the sol–gel method using an ion-exchange technique under various experimental conditions and investigated the films’ response properties to hydrogen and their morphology. As a result, a Pt/WO<sub>3</sub> film with SiO<sub>2</sub> (Pt/WO<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> film) annealed at 200 °C showed the shortest coloring and bleaching time to 4 vol% hydrogen. The films also showed good reproducibility with respect to their hydrogen response and good long-term stability. In addition, the fast bleaching time led to a stable repeated response, enabling the films to be used in real-time monitoring applications. Moreover, the sensitivity of the Pt/WO<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> films depended on the hydrogen concentration, which suggested that quantitative sensing of hydrogen at concentrations below the lower explosive limit could be realized. Furthermore, the catalyst Pt active state and the difference in gas diffusivity due to the microstructure of the films were considered through analysis of the surface, cross-sectional structure, and elemental state of the films.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"683 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Hydrogen energy has attracted attention as a new energy carrier because it does not generate CO2 emissions during combustion. However, numerous problems face the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure society. One problem is safety when using hydrogen. A fast sensing system for hydrogen at low concentrations will be needed for hydrogen to be used safely. WO3 is expected to be used as an optical hydrogen sensor element because it reacts with hydrogen and changes color. We prepared Pt-doped WO3 films by the sol–gel method using an ion-exchange technique under various experimental conditions and investigated the films’ response properties to hydrogen and their morphology. As a result, a Pt/WO3 film with SiO2 (Pt/WO3–SiO2 film) annealed at 200 °C showed the shortest coloring and bleaching time to 4 vol% hydrogen. The films also showed good reproducibility with respect to their hydrogen response and good long-term stability. In addition, the fast bleaching time led to a stable repeated response, enabling the films to be used in real-time monitoring applications. Moreover, the sensitivity of the Pt/WO3–SiO2 films depended on the hydrogen concentration, which suggested that quantitative sensing of hydrogen at concentrations below the lower explosive limit could be realized. Furthermore, the catalyst Pt active state and the difference in gas diffusivity due to the microstructure of the films were considered through analysis of the surface, cross-sectional structure, and elemental state of the films.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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