Effect of manufacturing conditions on morphology development in rapid stamp formed polyamide/glass fibre composite laminate components

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108804

Ellen L. Heeley , Neil Reynolds , William Hamby , Catherine A. Kelly , Michael J. Jenkins , Darren J. Hughes

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Abstract

The effect of manufacturing conditions on the morphology of an industrially-processed 11-ply polyamide/glass fibre (PA66-GF60) laminate was investigated. Through-thickness temperature variation during the manufacturing process (pre-heating, stamp forming, demoulding) was revealed via eight inter-ply thermocouples. Thermal and X-ray analysis provided insights into process-induced polymer crystallinity and morphology through the laminate thickness. Cooling rates up to ∼ 2100 °C/min were observed in outer plies, compared to ∼ 420 °C/min for inner plies. A self-heating exothermal phenomenon was observed during crystallisation of the inner layers, leading to increased core crystallinity. X-ray diffraction revealed differences in preferred polymer orientation between the plies. For the inner plies, additional mobility from slower cooling leads to partially oriented crystallites along the glass fibre axis and a well-developed lamellar macromorphology. The rapidly cooled outer plies showed unoriented morphology, without long-range ordering. The work provides detailed understanding of polymer morphology for an industrially-relevant high-volume manufacturing process for thermoplastic matrix components.

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制造条件对快速冲压成形聚酰胺/玻璃纤维复合材料层压件形貌发展的影响

研究了制备条件对工业加工的11层聚酰胺/玻璃纤维（PA66-GF60）层压板形貌的影响。通过8个热电偶揭示了在制造过程（预热、冲压成形、脱模）中厚度的温度变化。热分析和x射线分析通过层压厚度提供了对工艺诱导聚合物结晶度和形态的深入了解。外层的冷却速率高达~ 2100°C/min，而内层的冷却速率为~ 420°C/min。在内层结晶过程中观察到自热放热现象，导致核心结晶度增加。x射线衍射显示了层间聚合物择优取向的差异。对于内部层，较慢冷却带来的额外迁移率导致沿玻璃纤维轴部分取向的晶体和发育良好的片层宏观形貌。快速冷却的外层形貌无取向，无长程有序。这项工作为热塑性基质组件的工业相关大批量制造工艺提供了对聚合物形态的详细了解。

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.