Circular economy in the renewable energy sector: A review of growth trends, gaps and future directions

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis of global research trends at the intersection of Circular Economy (CE) and Renewable Energy (RE) from 2014 to 2024, addressing the critical need for a systematic understanding of this rapidly expanding field. Using VOSviewer and Scopus data, it maps the intellectual landscape of CE and RE research, identifying key trends, influential authors, and collaborative networks. The findings reveal exponential growth in publications, particularly post-2018, driven by global sustainability initiatives like the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. While traditional RE technologies such as solar and wind dominate research outputs, emerging areas like green hydrogen and the circular bioeconomy remain underexplored, presenting substantial opportunities for future research. Major themes identified include sustainability performance, resource recovery, energy efficiency, and policy frameworks, reflecting the field's interdisciplinary nature. Geographic analysis reveals significant disparities, with over 70 % of research originating from developed countries like United Kingdom, Spain, USA and Italy, while contributions from developing regions such as Africa and South America remain minimal. This imbalance highlights the need for targeted investments in research and development, alongside international collaborations to address capacity gaps and ensure inclusive global participation. Integrating emerging digital technologies such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, along with exploring the socio-economic impacts of CE and RE transitions, are critical for advancing sustainability efforts. Policymakers must prioritize tailored regulatory frameworks and financial mechanisms, particularly in low-income countries, to drive equitable adoption of circular economy principles and bridge the existing disparities.