Regulating urban metabolism in semi-arid regions: Classification and valuation of urban open spaces ecosystem services in metropolitan Kano

Abstract

As urban landscapes in metropolitan Kano undergo significant transformations and face rapid decline, this study emphasizes the need for mindful and strategic interventions. It focuses on investigating the regulation of urban metabolism while purposefully identifying, classifying, and evaluating ecosystem services within 46 urban open spaces in the semi-arid region of Kano, Nigeria. The research is grounded in a systematic review of existing literature and empirical methodologies, including field surveys, inventory analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Through a typology framework and ecosystem service assessment models, the research identifies key indicators such as air quality enhancement, noise reduction, urban heat mitigation, water quality improvement, and hydrological infiltration. The analysis reveals significant variability in ecosystem service provision among diverse open space typologies, including woodlands, botanical gardens, pocket parks, transit spaces and cemeteries, emphasizing the essential role of green infrastructure in fostering urban resilience. Results show that urban open spaces with extensive natural vegetation exhibit the highest multi-functionality, particularly in regulating services, supporting biodiversity, and enhancing socio-ecological well-being. The study also proposes tailored optimization strategies for distinct urban open space types, addressing challenges related to urban metabolism and ecosystem disturbances. These findings contributes a comprehensive framework for urban stakeholders and policymakers to improve sustainability and resilience in semi-arid urban environments by integrating green infrastructure, enhancing land use efficiency, and fostering inclusive and adaptive management practices.