A critical evaluation of non-profit organizations’ contributions to disaster management: Historical perspectives and future trends in operations management research

Abstract

As global crises and disasters continue to intensify, the importance of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in ensuring efficient coordination and optimal use of resources is becoming more critical. This systematic literature review focuses on the essential roles that NPOs play in humanitarian efforts within disaster management contexts. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the review compiles insights from 847 articles published in ABS-ranked journals between 1982 and April 2024. From this extensive analysis, four distinct clusters were identified to assess significant research trends in the field. These trends encompass Disaster Resilience, Emergency Relief, Humanitarian Supply Chain Management, and Post-disaster Response. Subsequently, the roles of NPOs within these clusters are analyzed in relation to the four core humanitarian principles endorsed by the United Nations in General Assembly Resolutions 46/182 and 58/114: humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. Despite the extensive body of literature on the role of NPOs in humanitarian operations, several research gaps have been identified: 1) Resource Overlap: NPOs frequently depend on shared resources (such as volunteers). Future studies should focus on developing strategies to improve coordination among NPOs to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization; 2) Response to Man-made Disasters: Given the rise in man-made crises, such as the Ukraine conflict and the Gaza war, it is essential to investigate how NPOs can play a more effective role in humanitarian operations under these conditions. Political biases and bilateral relationships often restrict government involvement, highlighting the critical need for NPOs to step in and provide essential support during such crises. 3) Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): future research should explore how the actions of NPOs in humanitarian operations align with and contribute to the SDGs. Such insights would help inform policymakers, practitioners, and scholars, promoting a more strategic approach to harnessing the capabilities of NPOs in humanitarian settings. Ultimately, this systematic review aims to serve as a valuable resource for expanding knowledge, guiding future research efforts, and improving the effectiveness of NPOs in humanitarian operations.