Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review最新文献

Towards advanced decision-making support for shipping safety: A functional connectivity analysis 为航运安全提供高级决策支持：功能连接分析

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103861

Shiqi Fan , Stephen Fairclough , Abdul Khalique , Alan Bury , Zaili Yang

Decision making (DM) is essential and proven to be a natural and inherent part of the success of transport systems, particularly given the fast growth of autonomous systems in transport. It is critical but remains challenging to understand and predict DM performance in transport, because operators’ mental states have not been effectively considered in complex DM processes such as ship anti-collision operations. This paper proposes an advanced decision support methodology that pioneers the incorporation of objective neurophysiological and subjective data to analyse functional connectivity in the brain and predict DM performance in ship navigation. Experiments were conducted using a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology to explore the functional connectivity of two groups (low workload and high workload) and predict their DM performance in a ship collision avoidance situation. It brings brain science into transport engineering and the results generate new contributions to the existing knowledge, including (1) the establishment of a methodology to detect different workload levels in safety–critical transport systems using psychophysiological measurement; (2) analysis of brain’s functional connectivity of different groups of decision makers (e.g., seafarers) with high and low workload tasks; (3) an advanced methodology to assess human reliability in complex scenarios and predict operational behaviours; (4) pioneering a human-centred approach to predict DM performance and demonstrate its feasibility in shipping. From a practical perspective, stakeholders can utilise the findings of this study to rationally evaluate human performance in transport system operations, aiding in operator qualification and certification processes. Furthermore, it is critical for adaptive automation regarding DM support in safety–critical systems.

决策（DM）是运输系统成功的必要条件和固有组成部分，特别是考虑到运输中自主系统的快速发展。由于在复杂的决策制定过程（如船舶防碰撞操作）中，操作员的心理状态尚未得到有效考虑，因此理解和预测运输系统中的决策制定性能至关重要，但仍然具有挑战性。本文提出了一种先进的决策支持方法，率先结合客观神经生理学和主观数据分析大脑功能连接，并预测船舶导航中的 DM 性能。实验采用了功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）技术，以探索两组（低工作量和高工作量）的功能连接，并预测他们在避免船舶碰撞情况下的 DM 性能。该研究将脑科学引入运输工程，其结果为现有知识做出了新的贡献，包括：（1）建立了一种方法，利用心理生理学测量检测安全关键运输系统中的不同工作量水平；（2）分析不同决策者群体（如海员）在高低工作量任务下的大脑功能连接；（3）一种先进的方法，用于评估复杂情景下的人类可靠性并预测操作行为；（4）开创了一种以人为本的方法，用于预测管理绩效并证明其在航运中的可行性。从实用的角度来看，利益相关者可以利用本研究的结果，合理评估运输系统操作中的人类性能，帮助操作员的资格认证和认证过程。此外，它对于安全关键系统中有关 DM 支持的自适应自动化也至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Coordinating telehealth platform with revenue-sharing contracts under different reimbursement mechanisms 协调远程保健平台与不同报销机制下的收入共享合同

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103864

Xinmou Zhang , Sandun C. Perera , Jian-Jun Wang , Tao Cai , Varun Gupta

The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases necessitates efficient and accessible healthcare delivery models, making telehealth platforms a promising solution. Telehealth has significantly improved chronic patients’ health by providing convenient, accessible, and personalized care, ultimately reducing hospital readmissions and improving patient outcomes. This research investigates the strategic collaboration between a physical hospital and an internet enterprise in developing a telehealth platform for chronic disease patients’ follow-up visits. We examine how government reimbursement policies and revenue-sharing contracts affect this collaborative model’s optimal pricing and performance. Using a four-stage sequential game theory model, we analyze two specific revenue-sharing contracts: capacity-based and volume-based. The study considers both homogeneous and differentiated reimbursement mechanisms, examining their influence on hospital profits, social welfare, and patient choice. Our findings demonstrate that volume-based contracts facilitate mutually beneficial collaborations, while capacity-based contracts favor hospital profitability. Homogeneous reimbursement has a limited feasible range and results in lower hospital profits and moderate social welfare. Differentiated reimbursement, coupled with the volume-based contract, maximizes social welfare by providing increased reimbursement for online patients and mitigating perceived value differences. This highlights the need for governments to prioritize differentiated reimbursement and volume-based contracts for robust and socially beneficial telehealth platforms. However, enhancing patient trust in the telehealth platform’s medical quality remains crucial for healthcare supply chain development under homogeneous reimbursement.

慢性病的发病率越来越高，因此需要高效、便捷的医疗保健服务模式，而远程医疗平台正是一种前景广阔的解决方案。远程医疗通过提供方便、可及、个性化的医疗服务，极大地改善了慢性病患者的健康状况，最终减少了再住院率，改善了患者的预后。本研究调查了一家实体医院与一家互联网企业在开发慢性病患者随访远程医疗平台方面的战略合作。我们研究了政府报销政策和收入分享合同如何影响这一合作模式的最优定价和绩效。我们采用四阶段连续博弈论模型，分析了两种特定的收入分享合同：基于能力的合同和基于数量的合同。研究同时考虑了同质化和差异化报销机制，考察了它们对医院利润、社会福利和患者选择的影响。我们的研究结果表明，基于数量的合同有利于互利合作，而基于能力的合同则有利于医院盈利。同质报销的可行范围有限，导致医院利润较低，社会福利一般。差异化报销与基于医疗量的合同相结合，通过为在线患者提供更多报销和减少感知价值差异，实现了社会福利的最大化。这突出表明，政府需要优先考虑差异化报销和基于数量的合同，以建立健全和有益于社会的远程医疗平台。然而，提高患者对远程医疗平台医疗质量的信任对于同质化报销下的医疗供应链发展仍然至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of ISSB’s Scope 3 GHG Emissions Validation on US Manufacturers’ Stock Valuations: Analyzing the Role of Supplier Complexity ISSB 范围 3 温室气体排放验证对美国制造商股票估值的影响：分析供应商复杂性的作用

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103850

Jingyuan Tian , Fu Jia , Lujie Chen , Xinjie Xing

The International Sustainability Standards Board’s (ISSB’s) validation of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions disclosure requirements represents a pivotal advancement in sustainability reporting. This study examines the implications of this validation for US-listed manufacturing firms’ stock valuations, taking into account the moderating effect of supplier complexity. Employing the event study methodology and cross-sectional regression analysis, our study reveals a positive market response to the ISSB’s validation. Moreover, we observe that supplier concentration complexity and supplier spatial complexity mitigate this positive impact, while supplier horizontal complexity does not exert a significant effect on this positive impact. This highlights the critical role of supply chain optimization in fostering sustainable business practices. Our study contributes to the literature by empirically assessing the impact of Scope 3 emissions disclosure on firm performance and exploring the moderating role of supplier complexity, thereby enhancing our understanding of sustainability disclosures within supply chain operations. Our findings offer crucial insights for manufacturers, investors, and policymakers as they navigate the complex dynamics between sustainability disclosures, supply chain management, and stock valuations.

国际可持续发展标准委员会（ISSB）对范围 3 温室气体排放披露要求的验证是可持续发展报告领域的一个关键进步。本研究考虑了供应商复杂性的调节作用，探讨了这一验证对美国上市制造业公司股票估值的影响。采用事件研究方法和横截面回归分析，我们的研究揭示了市场对 ISSB 验证的积极反应。此外，我们还发现，供应商集中复杂性和供应商空间复杂性会减轻这种积极影响，而供应商横向复杂性对这种积极影响没有显著影响。这凸显了供应链优化在促进可持续商业实践中的关键作用。我们的研究通过实证评估范围 3 排放信息披露对企业绩效的影响，探讨供应商复杂性的调节作用，从而加深我们对供应链运营中可持续发展信息披露的理解，为相关文献做出了贡献。我们的研究结果为制造商、投资者和政策制定者提供了重要的见解，帮助他们驾驭可持续发展信息披露、供应链管理和股票估值之间复杂的动态关系。

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引用次数: 0

The bright side of low-carbon technology sharing in a capital-constrained supply chain 在资本受限的供应链中共享低碳技术的亮点

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103827

Zhixuan Lai , Gaoxiang Lou , Sai-Ho Chung , Tijun Fan , Haicheng Ma , Mingjun Yu

Low-carbon technology sharing (LTS) is often viewed as a positive factor for enterprise operations, which can not only encourage the spread of low carbon technologies but also serve as a source of financing for capital-constrained manufacturers. However, it is not clear how LTS works in a capital-constrained supply chain. This study incorporates LTS into the design of supply chain finance schemes, considering the manufacturer’s financial constraints. To this end, we compare LTS and two types of low-carbon technology licensing (LTL) schemes, namely, royalty fee licensing (LTL-V) and royalty fee portfolio fixed-fee licensing (LTL-V+F), to reveal the value of LTS to capital-constrained supply chain and the government. The conclusions indicate that boosting unit royalty rates with a high consumer’s low-carbon preference, as well as fixed fee are not conducive to the increase of manufacturers’ order quantity. Compared to manufacturer independent financing benchmark scenario and any LTL scheme, the LTS scheme can not only achieve higher unit carbon emission abatement, but also potentially lower total carbon emissions. Owing to the effective increase in expected environmental revenues, the government’s revenue under LTS may also increase significantly in some cases.

低碳技术共享（LTS）通常被视为企业运营的一个积极因素，它不仅可以鼓励低碳技术的传播，还可以为资本受限的制造商提供资金来源。然而，在资金有限的供应链中，LTS 如何发挥作用尚不清楚。本研究将 LTS 纳入供应链融资计划的设计中，同时考虑到制造商的资金限制。为此，我们比较了低碳技术许可计划和两类低碳技术许可计划，即特许权使用费许可计划（LTL-V）和特许权使用费组合固定费用许可计划（LTL-V+F），以揭示低碳技术许可计划对资金紧张的供应链和政府的价值。结论表明，在消费者低碳偏好较高的情况下，提高单位专利使用费率以及固定收费不利于制造商订单量的增加。与制造商独立融资基准方案和任何长期租赁方案相比，长期租赁方案不仅可以实现更高的单位碳减排量，而且还有可能降低碳排放总量。由于预期环境收入的有效增加，在某些情况下，政府的收入也可能会在低排放交易计划下大幅增加。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing price and quality decisions of the environmental supply chain in the presence of socially responsible consumer 在消费者具有社会责任感的情况下，平衡环保供应链的价格和质量决策

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103848

Wenyu Zhao , Connor Zou , Yuntian Bai , Xiaojun Fan

Given the increasing concerns about energy consumption and rising consumer social responsibility, firms producing brown products should consider transitioning to greener alternatives that are less harmful to the environment. To examine this, we employ a Stackelberg model to analyze the price and quality of brown and green products (e.g., gasoline and electric vehicles) across three product-line strategies: producing only brown products, producing only green products, and producing both. Our study reveals that the quality of brown products in a single product line is the highest among all strategies. In terms of wholesale and retail prices, green products are priced higher than brown products, and prices for both products in a single product line exceed those in a dual product line. Interestingly, manufacturers prefer a dual product line strategy, while retailers favor selling brown products. Additionally, selling only brown products can result in higher consumer surplus, whereas producing only green products may lead to the lowest environmental impact.

鉴于人们对能源消耗和消费者社会责任的日益关注，生产棕色产品的企业应考虑过渡到对环境危害较小的绿色替代品。为此，我们采用斯塔克尔伯格模型分析了三种产品线策略下棕色产品和绿色产品（如汽油车和电动车）的价格和质量：只生产棕色产品、只生产绿色产品以及两种产品都生产。研究结果表明，在所有策略中，单一产品线中棕色产品的质量最高。从批发和零售价格来看，绿色产品的价格高于棕色产品，而单一产品线中两种产品的价格都超过了双产品线。有趣的是，生产商更倾向于双产品线战略，而零售商更倾向于销售棕色产品。此外，只销售棕色产品可以带来更高的消费者剩余，而只生产绿色产品则可能带来最低的环境影响。

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引用次数: 0

Quality disclosure in a dual-channel supply chain with an online dual-purpose platform 双渠道供应链中的质量披露与在线双用途平台

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103834

Song Huang , Jiawen Xu , Yun Wang

This study investigates the disclosure strategies for quality information in a dual-channel supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a dual-purpose online platform focusing on both profit and consumer surplus. We elaborate on two disclosure formats: the P-C format, in which the platform discloses quality information, and the M-C format, in which the manufacturer discloses quality information. The results show that firms have the same disclosure motivation when the platform pursues profit maximization because only the agency channel is retained in the supply chain, and firms share profits equally. However, the indistinguishable disclosure incentive for firms exhibits a convex relationship with the consumer surplus concern in the dual-purpose case. In addition, the M-C or P-C format is the optimal disclosure preference for firms, indicating that hitchhiking may not always be the best option. Specifically, the manufacturer (platform) will proactively disclose information in regions where the commission rate is low (high) and the consumer surplus concern is not too high. Firms in these areas have common preferences regarding different disclosure formats. Also, consumers do not necessarily benefit from the increased consumer surplus concern under the P-C format. Finally, the outcomes are robust to the scenarios with a parsimonious dual-purpose platform, ex-post disclosure, quality certification, and imperfect competition market.

本研究以利润和消费者剩余为重点，探讨了由制造商和双重目的在线平台组成的双渠道供应链中的质量信息披露策略。我们阐述了两种披露形式：平台披露质量信息的 P-C 形式和制造商披露质量信息的 M-C 形式。结果表明，当平台追求利润最大化时，企业具有相同的披露动机，因为供应链中只保留了代理渠道，企业平等分享利润。然而，在双重目的的情况下，企业的无差别信息披露动机与消费者剩余关注呈现凸性关系。此外，M-C 或 P-C 形式是企业的最优披露偏好，这表明搭便车不一定是最佳选择。具体来说，制造商（平台）会在佣金率低（高）且消费者剩余关注度不太高的地区主动披露信息。这些地区的企业对不同的披露形式有着共同的偏好。此外，在 P-C 格式下，消费者并不一定会从增加的消费者剩余关注中获益。最后，这些结果对于两用平台、事后披露、质量认证和不完全竞争市场等情景都是稳健的。

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引用次数: 0

The reliable ship fleet planning problem for liner shipping services 班轮运输服务的可靠船队规划问题

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103856

Tingsong Wang , Shihao Li , Lu Zhen , Tiancheng Zhao

This paper investigates a reliable ship fleet planning problem with the uncertainties of container shipping demand, transport costs and freight rates in liner shipping services, and this problem is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization model. In our model, the first-stage decision is to determine the types and quantities of ships, as well as their allocation to different routes, and the second-stage is to fulfill container shipping demand after uncertain information is revealed. Compared to the models proposed in existing researches, our model involves multiple uncertainties aforementioned, and it can also capture the correlation between demand and freight rates. Due to the difficulty of directly solving the two-stage robust optimization model, the column-and-constraint generation algorithm and the benders-dual cutting plane algorithm are developed to address this model. Based on a real shipping network case, extensive computational experiments are conducted to test the practical significance of the presented model and the applicability of our algorithm. The computational results indicate that considering multiple uncertainties simultaneously can significantly save the worst-case costs, demonstrating that the developed two-stage robust optimization model provides a valuable decision-making reference for liner companies seeking to enhance the reliability of ship fleet planning.

本文研究了班轮航运服务中集装箱航运需求、运输成本和运费率不确定的可靠船队规划问题，并将该问题表述为两阶段稳健优化模型。在我们的模型中，第一阶段的决策是确定船舶的类型、数量以及在不同航线上的分配，第二阶段的决策是在不确定信息被揭示后满足集装箱运输需求。与现有研究中提出的模型相比，我们的模型涉及上述多种不确定性，还能捕捉到需求与运费之间的相关性。由于直接求解两阶段鲁棒优化模型存在困难，因此针对该模型开发了列约束生成算法和弯曲双切割面算法。基于一个真实的航运网络案例，我们进行了大量的计算实验，以检验所提出模型的实际意义和我们算法的适用性。计算结果表明，同时考虑多种不确定性可以显著节省最坏情况下的成本，这表明所开发的两阶段鲁棒优化模型为班轮公司提高船队规划可靠性提供了有价值的决策参考。

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引用次数: 0

An approximate dynamic programming approach to dynamic slot allocation of spot containers with random arrivals, cancellations, and no-shows 采用近似动态编程方法，对随机到达、取消和未到的现货集装箱进行动态时隙分配

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103837

Yuyun Gu , Yadong Wang , Tingsong Wang

Container shipping demands are usually classified into long-term contract demands from large shippers and ad hoc demands from spot shippers. Compared with stable long-term contract demands, spot container shipping demands are often unstable due to their high frequent cancellations during the slot booking period and their uncertain arrivals even no-shows. This poses a challenge for shipping companies in making precise and profitable decisions on slot allocations for these spot demands, to avoid the loss of slot utilization and shipping profit. This paper thus focuses on a dynamic slot allocation problem for spot containers with consideration of their random arrivals and cancellations during the booking period to maximize the expected shipping profit, and formulates it as a Markov decision process (MDP) model. Due to the well-known curse of dimensionality of MDP models, this paper uses the approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to approximate our MDP model, and consequently develops a series of stochastic programming models, which can yield a near-optimal slot allocation policy. Numerical experiments are conducted to examine the effectiveness and superiority of our models obtained by the ADP approach. The computational results show that our dynamic slot allocation strategy can make shipping companies achieve a high slot utilization rate, up to 91.36 %. Furthermore, compared with various slot allocation policies commonly used by shipping companies in practice, the policy obtained by the approach used in this paper performs best in terms of profit, with an improvement of up to 33.26 %.

集装箱运输需求通常分为大型托运人的长期合同需求和现货托运人的临时需求。与稳定的长期合同需求相比，现货集装箱运输需求往往具有不稳定性，因为他们在舱位预订期间频繁取消订单，到货不确定，甚至不到货。这就给船运公司带来了挑战，即如何针对这些现货需求做出精确且有利可图的舱位分配决策，以避免舱位利用率和船运利润的损失。因此，本文将重点放在现货集装箱的动态舱位分配问题上，考虑其在预订期间的随机到达和取消，以实现预期航运利润的最大化，并将其表述为马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）模型。由于 MDP 模型存在众所周知的维数诅咒，本文采用近似动态程序设计（ADP）方法对 MDP 模型进行近似，并由此建立了一系列随机程序设计模型，从而得到了接近最优的舱位分配策略。本文通过数值实验来检验 ADP 方法所建立模型的有效性和优越性。计算结果表明，我们的动态货位分配策略可以使航运公司获得较高的货位利用率，最高可达 91.36%。此外，与航运公司在实践中常用的各种舱位分配策略相比，本文采用的方法所获得的策略在利润方面表现最佳，最高提高了 33.26%。

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引用次数: 0

Channel merchandising strategies considering customer behavior and supplier encroachment 考虑客户行为和供应商侵蚀的渠道营销战略

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103853

Shihao Huang , Shan Li , Hang Xie , Chun-Hung Chiu

This study investigates a two-echelon supply chain comprising a retailer, who considers whether to sell products as online-exclusive (products available only online) versus hybrid (products available both online and offline), and a supplier, who considers whether to encroach the online market. Given that there are more product varieties online than offline and competitive online marketplace, it remains unclear how retailers identify products that should be offered as hybrid versus online-exclusive. Comparing to online exclusive selling strategy, two key features of the hybrid selling strategy are captured: the demand expansion and profit margin effects. The demand expansion effect refers to the phenomenon where a retailer, transitioning from an online-exclusive approach to a hybrid approach, can expand market size by appealing to consumers who exclusively prefer offline purchases. Besides, the profit margin effect relates to how customer migration impacts retailer profits due to the disparity in unit product profit margins between online and offline channels. We reveal that the products with significant demand expansion effect should be offered as hybrid, and the hybrid selling strategy is efficient in preventing supply encroachment. However, even if the profit margin and demand expansion effect are positive, the products may be better to offer as online-exclusive. This is because, under the hybrid selling strategy, the supplier would charge a high wholesale price to squeeze the retailer’s profit. Consequently, the hybrid selling strategy in this circumstance intensifies the double marginalization effect, prompting the retailer not to opt for the hybrid selling strategy as a means to prevent supplier encroachment. Finally, the cross-selling effect, in which the customers buy some other products, strengthens the profit margin effect, and the results remain robust. Therefore, our study provides management insights that high-volume products may also be offered as online-exclusive, which challenges previous findings based on the long-tail phenomenon.

本研究调查了一条由两个梯队组成的供应链，零售商和供应商分别考虑是否要将产品作为线上独家产品（仅在线上销售的产品）和混合产品（同时在线上和线下销售的产品）销售。鉴于线上产品种类比线下产品种类多，且线上市场竞争激烈，零售商如何确定哪些产品应作为混合型产品或线上独家产品销售仍不清楚。与在线独家销售策略相比，混合销售策略有两个主要特点：需求扩张效应和利润率效应。需求扩张效应是指零售商从线上独家销售方式过渡到混合销售方式时，可以通过吸引那些只喜欢线下购买的消费者来扩大市场规模。此外，利润率效应涉及顾客迁移如何影响零售商的利润，因为线上和线下渠道的单位产品利润率存在差异。我们发现，具有显著需求扩张效应的产品应作为混合产品提供，混合销售策略在防止供应蚕食方面是有效的。然而，即使利润率和需求扩张效应均为正值，这些产品也可能更适合以线上专供的方式发售。这是因为，在混合销售策略下，供应商会收取较高的批发价，以挤压零售商的利润。因此，在这种情况下，混合销售策略会加剧双重边缘化效应，促使零售商不选择混合销售策略作为防止供应商蚕食的手段。最后，顾客购买其他产品的交叉销售效应加强了利润率效应，结果依然稳健。因此，我们的研究为管理提供了启示，即大批量产品也可以作为在线独家产品提供，这对之前基于长尾现象的研究结果提出了挑战。

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引用次数: 0

The full truckload pickup and delivery problem with truck platooning 卡车排载的整车取货和送货问题

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103846

Yilin Wang, Junlong Zhang

Truck platooning is a promising technology for reducing energy consumption, increasing vehicle safety, and improving traffic efficiency. In this paper, we examine the cost-effectiveness of truck platooning from the perspective of a freight company fulfilling full truckload pickup and delivery requests over a transportation network. During transportation, trucks can form platoons on the traversed road sections to reduce the travel costs of the following trucks. The problem is how the routing and scheduling of trucks should be determined to take full advantage of truck platooning and minimize the total transportation cost. We propose two model formulations over a time-expanded network for this problem: a direct delivery model and an indirect delivery model, where the indirect delivery model allows trucks to visit intermediate locations during deliveries to facilitate the formation of platoons. In both models, trucks are permitted to wait at any traversed node provided that time windows of requests are not violated. We develop an improved dynamic discretization discovery (DDD) algorithm to solve the two models exactly. Through extensive computational experiments, we find that (1) the improved DDD algorithm can increase solution accuracy with much less computational effort compared with the basic DDD algorithm; (2) the cost-saving effect of truck platooning is favorable; and (3) for freight companies operating on small transportation networks, using the direct delivery model may be more appropriate.

卡车编队是一项很有前途的技术，可以减少能源消耗、提高车辆安全性并改善交通效率。在本文中，我们从一家货运公司的角度出发，研究了卡车排车的成本效益，该公司通过一个运输网络来满足整车的取货和送货要求。在运输过程中，卡车可以在穿越的路段上组成排，以降低后续卡车的行驶成本。问题在于如何确定卡车的路线和调度，以充分利用卡车排成队的优势，并最大限度地降低总运输成本。针对这一问题，我们在时间扩展网络上提出了两种模型表述：直接交付模型和间接交付模型，其中间接交付模型允许卡车在交付过程中访问中间地点，以促进排组的形成。在这两种模式中，只要不违反请求的时间窗口，卡车都可以在任何经过的节点等待。我们开发了一种改进的动态离散化发现（DDD）算法来精确求解这两种模型。通过大量的计算实验，我们发现：(1) 与基本的 DDD 算法相比，改进的 DDD 算法能以更少的计算量提高求解精度；(2) 卡车排队的成本节约效果良好；(3) 对于在小型运输网络上运营的货运公司来说，使用直接交付模式可能更合适。

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引用次数: 0