Fabrication Techniques and Their Impact on the Properties of Microalgae-Based Hybrid Biochemobrionic Materials

Abstract

Chemobrionics has garnered significant interest across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, material science, and regenerative medicine. To broaden their application field, hybrid materials can be developed by incorporating organic or biological components into their chemical composition. In the present study, it is aimed to synthesize a hybrid biochemobrionic material by incorporating Chlorella vulgaris microalgae into the calcium–magnesium silicate–phosphate chemobrionic structure. Two different techniques are compared for fabrication of biochemobrionic material. Additionally, antioxidant activity, degradation behavior, and cytotoxicity of the biochemobrionic are investigated. While the coating method is found to be more successful in enriching the material content with organic components, the direct incorporation method is deemed more suitable for biochemobrionic production due to the homogeneous distribution of microalgae, as well as the stability and mechanical strength of the material. According to the results, integrating C. vulgaris biomass not only enhances the antioxidant capability of the biochemobrionic material but also accelerates its degradation rate. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assessment reveals no notable adverse effects for both chemobrionic and biochemobrionic specimens, though surface modifications can potentially boost cell viability. In conclusion, the direct incorporation method emerges as a promising approach for integrating a wide variety of components into chemobrionic structures.