Investigating the molecular mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance in Musca domestica populations from Saudi Arabia.

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4

Ali A Alzabib, Ali S Al-Sarar, Yasser Abobakr, Amgad A Saleh

{"title":"Investigating the molecular mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance in Musca domestica populations from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ali A Alzabib, Ali S Al-Sarar, Yasser Abobakr, Amgad A Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a global insect pest that poses serious health risks by carrying pathogens to humans and animals. Pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides have been widely used to control agricultural pests and disease vectors. Multiple reports have documented house fly resistance to PYR insecticides.Methods: In this study, we assessed the resistance levels of M. domestica populations collected from slaughterhouses in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, Saudi Arabia, against the PYR insecticide deltamethrin (DM). We also examined the genetic mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) and P450 genes of the collected field flies and analyzed the correlation between these detected genetic mutations and the levels of DM resistance.Results: The house fly field populations showed very high levels of resistance to DM, with resistance ratio (RR) values of 625-, 256-, and 107-fold for Jeddah, Taif, and Riyadh, respectively. Three VSSC resistance alleles, kdr (T929 + 1014F), kdr-his (T929 + 1014H), and 1B (929I + 1014F), along with the susceptible allele (T929 + L1014) were identified in the Saudi house fly populations. The super-kdr allele (918 T + 1014F) and type N (D600N + M918T + L1014F) were not detected in Saudi house fly populations. Type 1B was the most dominant VSSC resistance allele, followed by kdr and kdr-his, in both field populations and the surviving flies exposed to DM. The resistance CYP6D1v1 allele of P450 was detected in slaughterhouse house fly populations of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, with frequencies of 71%, 58%, and 60%, respectively. The VSSC resistance alleles exhibited a positive correlation with the resistance levels to DM; conversely, the CYP6D1v1 displayed a negative correlation with DM resistance levels.Conclusions: In general, the Saudi house fly populations exhibited high genetic diversity, with three VSSC resistance alleles identified in slaughterhouse populations. The Vssc mutations appear to be the principal mechanism of DM resistance in Saudi house fly field populations. This study is the first report on the Vssc and CYP6D1 mutations associated with PYR resistance in M. domestica field populations from Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831778/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasites & Vectors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a global insect pest that poses serious health risks by carrying pathogens to humans and animals. Pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides have been widely used to control agricultural pests and disease vectors. Multiple reports have documented house fly resistance to PYR insecticides.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the resistance levels of M. domestica populations collected from slaughterhouses in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, Saudi Arabia, against the PYR insecticide deltamethrin (DM). We also examined the genetic mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) and P450 genes of the collected field flies and analyzed the correlation between these detected genetic mutations and the levels of DM resistance.

Results: The house fly field populations showed very high levels of resistance to DM, with resistance ratio (RR) values of 625-, 256-, and 107-fold for Jeddah, Taif, and Riyadh, respectively. Three VSSC resistance alleles, kdr (T929 + 1014F), kdr-his (T929 + 1014H), and 1B (929I + 1014F), along with the susceptible allele (T929 + L1014) were identified in the Saudi house fly populations. The super-kdr allele (918 T + 1014F) and type N (D600N + M918T + L1014F) were not detected in Saudi house fly populations. Type 1B was the most dominant VSSC resistance allele, followed by kdr and kdr-his, in both field populations and the surviving flies exposed to DM. The resistance CYP6D1v1 allele of P450 was detected in slaughterhouse house fly populations of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, with frequencies of 71%, 58%, and 60%, respectively. The VSSC resistance alleles exhibited a positive correlation with the resistance levels to DM; conversely, the CYP6D1v1 displayed a negative correlation with DM resistance levels.

Conclusions: In general, the Saudi house fly populations exhibited high genetic diversity, with three VSSC resistance alleles identified in slaughterhouse populations. The Vssc mutations appear to be the principal mechanism of DM resistance in Saudi house fly field populations. This study is the first report on the Vssc and CYP6D1 mutations associated with PYR resistance in M. domestica field populations from Saudi Arabia.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

沙特阿拉伯家蝇种群对溴氰菊酯抗性的分子机制研究。

背景：家蝇（Musca domestica L.）是一种全球性的害虫，通过携带病原体给人类和动物带来严重的健康风险。拟除虫菊酯（PYR）杀虫剂已广泛用于农业病虫害防治。多份报告记录了家蝇对PYR杀虫剂的抗药性。方法：本研究对沙特阿拉伯利雅得、吉达和塔伊夫屠宰场采集的家蝇种群对PYR杀虫剂溴氰菊酯（DM）的抗性水平进行了评估。我们还检测了收集到的田蝇电压敏感钠通道（Vssc）和P450基因的突变，并分析了这些基因突变与DM抗性水平的相关性。结果：吉达市、塔伊夫市和利雅得市家蝇对白斑DM呈高抗性，抗性比分别为625倍、256倍和107倍。在沙特家蝇种群中鉴定出3个VSSC抗性等位基因kdr （T929 + 1014F）、kdr-his （T929 + 1014H）和1B （929I + 1014F）以及易感等位基因T929 + L1014。在沙特家蝇种群中未检测到超级kdr等位基因（918t + 1014F）和N型基因（D600N + M918T + L1014F）。在田间种群和暴露于DM的存活蝇中，VSSC抗性等位基因以1B型为主，其次是kdr和kdr-his。在利雅得、吉达和塔伊夫的屠宰场蝇种群中检测到P450型CYP6D1v1抗性等位基因，频率分别为71%、58%和60%。VSSC抗性等位基因与DM抗性水平呈正相关；相反，CYP6D1v1与DM抗性水平呈负相关。结论：总体而言，沙特家蝇种群具有较高的遗传多样性，在屠宰场种群中鉴定出3个VSSC抗性等位基因。Vssc突变可能是沙地家蝇田间种群抗DM的主要机制。本研究首次报道了沙特阿拉伯家蝇田间种群中与PYR抗性相关的Vssc和CYP6D1突变。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

433

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.