M. Bijari , A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi , M. Ansari-Lari , M.H. Ghaffari
{"title":"Productivity, reproduction and economic losses due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Iranian Holstein cows","authors":"M. Bijari , A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi , M. Ansari-Lari , M.H. Ghaffari","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106471","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This retrospective study investigated the impact of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on productive and reproductive traits, economic losses and culling trends in Holstein cows in Iran. Data from nine industrial and semi-industrial dairy herds from several provinces were analyzed over a decade (2009–2019) and included a total of 49,400 records from 20,330 cows. A mixed linear model was used to assess the impact of FMD on milk production, fat and protein yields and reproductive traits. Information on milk production was collected over a period of 305 d. A simulated bioeconomic model was used to estimate the financial losses due to FMD incidence on productive and reproductive traits. The model included losses due to reduced milk production, discarded milk, reproductive inefficiency, morbidity, culling and replacement animals, loss of body weight, vaccination, medication and supplementation costs, and labor costs. FMD significantly reduced milk production, with an average decrease of 845.9 kg of fat corrected milk (FCM) per cow, a decrease of 44.1 kg in fat yield and a decrease of 2.3 kg in protein yield. Reproductive performance was negatively affected, with an increase in calving interval (+30.9 day), days open (+13.7 day), number of inseminations (+0.2-fold) and length of gestation (+1 day). Economic analysis showed an average loss of $1082.3 per FMD case, with the highest costs attributable to culling and replacement of animals (27 %, $296.2) and reproductive inefficiency (22 %, $239.6). These results have significant implications for farm management strategies to control the spread of FMD and to plan preventative measures to reduce economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Preventive veterinary medicine","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016758772500056X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the impact of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on productive and reproductive traits, economic losses and culling trends in Holstein cows in Iran. Data from nine industrial and semi-industrial dairy herds from several provinces were analyzed over a decade (2009–2019) and included a total of 49,400 records from 20,330 cows. A mixed linear model was used to assess the impact of FMD on milk production, fat and protein yields and reproductive traits. Information on milk production was collected over a period of 305 d. A simulated bioeconomic model was used to estimate the financial losses due to FMD incidence on productive and reproductive traits. The model included losses due to reduced milk production, discarded milk, reproductive inefficiency, morbidity, culling and replacement animals, loss of body weight, vaccination, medication and supplementation costs, and labor costs. FMD significantly reduced milk production, with an average decrease of 845.9 kg of fat corrected milk (FCM) per cow, a decrease of 44.1 kg in fat yield and a decrease of 2.3 kg in protein yield. Reproductive performance was negatively affected, with an increase in calving interval (+30.9 day), days open (+13.7 day), number of inseminations (+0.2-fold) and length of gestation (+1 day). Economic analysis showed an average loss of $1082.3 per FMD case, with the highest costs attributable to culling and replacement of animals (27 %, $296.2) and reproductive inefficiency (22 %, $239.6). These results have significant implications for farm management strategies to control the spread of FMD and to plan preventative measures to reduce economic losses.
期刊介绍:
Preventive Veterinary Medicine is one of the leading international resources for scientific reports on animal health programs and preventive veterinary medicine. The journal follows the guidelines for standardizing and strengthening the reporting of biomedical research which are available from the CONSORT, MOOSE, PRISMA, REFLECT, STARD, and STROBE statements. The journal focuses on:
Epidemiology of health events relevant to domestic and wild animals;
Economic impacts of epidemic and endemic animal and zoonotic diseases;
Latest methods and approaches in veterinary epidemiology;
Disease and infection control or eradication measures;
The "One Health" concept and the relationships between veterinary medicine, human health, animal-production systems, and the environment;
Development of new techniques in surveillance systems and diagnosis;
Evaluation and control of diseases in animal populations.