Applications of Magnetic Nanocomposites and Their Role in Advancing Lateral Flow Assays

Abstract

This article explores the wide-ranging applications of magnetic nanocomposites and their critical role in advancing lateral flow assays (LFAs) as diagnostic tools. We begin by reviewing a diverse array of magnetic nanomaterials, including magnetic plasmonic, polymer, carbon, and silica-based nanocomposites, as well as notable examples such as CoFe₂O₄, magnetic quantum dots, lipid-based nanoparticles, hydrogels, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and gold nanorods. Each type of nanocomposite is examined for its unique properties and significant potential in enhancing sensitivity, stability, and multifunctionality. These nanocomposites are used across various sectors, such as medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and imaging technology, where they contribute to improved signal strength, binding affinity, and biocompatibility. The article focuses specifically on the application of magnetic nanocomposites in LFAs. These assays rely on magnetic nanoparticles’ interactions with target molecules to achieve detection, providing a promising platform for point-of-care diagnostics. The integration of magnetic nanoparticles enhances detection limits, improves precision, and reduces response times, making them an invaluable component in rapid diagnostic tests. By embedding magnetic nanocomposites into LFAs, researchers and clinicians can achieve more reliable and accurate results, facilitating early diagnosis and ultimately improving patient outcomes. Their integration into LFAs demonstrates significant potential for various diagnostic applications, from early disease detection to real-time environmental monitoring, suggesting a transformative impact on point-of-care diagnostics and beyond.