ChemistrySelect最新文献

2-Indolinone is a versatile scaffold that has been the central moiety in the structure of various drugs. Since the introduction of sunitinib malate, 2-indolinones have been a principal pharmacophoric building block in many drug discovery studies, especially in the last few years. Compounds bearing the 2-indolinone ring system have shown various therapeutic effects, including but not limited to, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antipsychotic, antiparkinson, and anticancer activities. Considering that cancer is among the major global causes of death, the antiproliferative activities of these compounds have been the goal of numerous studies. The present review presents an overview of the approaches and advances made during the last eight years (2017–2024) regarding the development of 2-indolinone derivatives within the field of anticancer drug discovery. The derivates gathered herein are classified according to the therapeutic target of the developed compounds, and notable structure-activity relationships as well as significant molecular docking interactions with the target enzymes have been highlighted in each instance. Accordingly, special attention has been paid to reporting derivatives with superior antiproliferative and enzymatic inhibitory effects that have emerged as lead compounds within each respective study.

We present the first application of olefinic pyrazolone in conjunction with indole-tethered enal with an aminocatalytic remote [4 + 2] annulation reaction, successfully yielding tetrahydrocarbazole spiropyrazolone frameworks in moderate to good yields, accompanied by significant enantio- and diastereoselectivities. The robustness of this developed protocol is demonstrated through the generation of a diverse array of 22 examples, all exhibiting consistent yields and stereoselectivities. Furthermore, we achieved a gram-scale synthesis and synthesized the biologically relevant fluorohexahydrofuranocarbazole via a two-pot, three-step sequence involving [4 + 2]-addition, reduction, and fluoroetherification reactions. Finally, we propose a plausible mechanism, supported by SC-XRD and NOE experiments, highlighting a crucial aspect of this research.

In this paper, nanorods doped with Sm rare earth elements were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. In view of the formation of oxygen vacancies by replacing Fe³⁺ with Sm³⁺, it was found that the performance was excellent at the doping ratio of 0.5%, and the growth time was 12 h, and the specific capacity was as high as 1902 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and after 700 cycles, there was still 1892 F/g, and the capacitance was guaranteed. The holding rate is 99.1%. When the scanning rate is 10 mV/s, the surface control contributes 56.1% of the current, and when the scan rate is 140 mV/s, the contribution rate of pseudocapacitance behavior control increases to 75%, and the asymmetric device Sm–Fe₂(MoO₄)₃//CNTs is constructed with modified carbon nanotube anode material at a current density of 1 A/g, with a specific capacity of 265 F/g, and the device has been tested for 4000 cycles under the condition of 3 A/g, and the capacitance retention rate is 93.8%. It exhibits a high energy density of 79.3 Wh/kg and a high power density of 760 W/kg. It provides a new idea for the development of supercapacitors.

Monitoring abnormal changes in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels in mammalian cells is essential to understanding its physicochemical functions in biological systems. Generally, H₂O₂ fluorescent probes used for intracellular monitoring are limited to the long response time and low sensitivity. Herein, the 1,8-naphthimide-based fluorescent probe (NPB) with excellent photostability was confirmed to be an H₂O₂ specific probe due to the oxidation of borate ester to phenol. Compared with previously reported molecular probes, NPB displayed improved performance in H₂O₂ detection, such as excellent photostability, good anti-interference, high selectivity, fast response (10 s), and low detection limit (15 nM). Furthermore, the most outstanding advantage of the as-prepared NPB was mitochondrial-targeting ability with a Pearson's colocalization coefficient of 0.91. Meanwhile, the probe NPB with excellent biocompatibility was successfully utilized for imaging exogenous and endogenous H₂O₂ in living cells. The sensing mechanism of NPB to H₂O₂ was further carefully demonstrated and proposed to involve the oxidation of borate to phenol by H₂O₂. We anticipated that the as-prepared NPB should have broad application in chemical analysis and reveal the physiological function of H₂O₂ in vivo.

This investigation examines the electrochemical behaviors of ZnO/NiO nanocomposites synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently subjected to air plasma treatment, highlighting their potential in energy storage applications. XRD analysis confirmed the highly crystalline nature of the wurtzite ZnO and cubic NiO phases without secondary impurities. Plasma treatment enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by sharper diffraction peaks. FTIR analysis revealed improvements in oxygenated functional groups posttreatment. FESEM images showed uniform spherical structures (∼2 µm) with increased surface roughness, and EDAX confirmed the elemental composition. Electrochemical analysis revealed significant improvements in performance due to plasma treatment. The plasma treated ZnO/NiO exhibited a total capacitance of 4773 F/g, compared to 2773 F/g for untreated samples. Specific capacitance at 10 mV/s decreased from 829 F/g (untreated) to 691 F/g (treated); however, at 100 mV/s, the treated sample retained a higher capacitance (331 F/g) than the untreated (187 F/g). A higher b-value (0.742) for treated samples indicates the enhanced capacitive behavior. Charge-discharge studies demonstrated high reversibility, with treated samples achieving better nonlinear double layer characteristics. Impedance spectroscopy showed reduced polarization and charge transfer resistance for treated samples compared to untreated, indicating improved conductivity and active site availability. These outcomes spotlight the effectiveness of the plasma treatment of ZnO/NiO nanocomposites.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current progress in catalytic technologies for converting CO₂ to ethanol, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. A range of methodologies is explored, including thermodynamic analysis, thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic approaches, while discussing fundamental reaction mechanisms and catalyst design strategies. Significant advancement has been made in the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO₂, with mixed metal and metal oxide catalysts achieving selectivities exceeding 90%. However, challenges remain in optimizing catalyst performance for enhanced selectivity and conversion rates. Electrocatalytic reduction offers a promising pathway, focusing on alkaline electrolytes and innovative catalyst designs such as Cu/Au and Al-Cu/Cu₂O. Meanwhile, photocatalytic systems harness solar energy, with various novel photocatalysts showing potential for high efficiency. This review aims to elucidate the current landscape and future perspectives on CO₂-to-ethanol conversion technologies, highlighting their potential role in sustainable energy solutions.

A novel protocol for effective and efficient synthesis of 3-alkylsulfenylated chromones in moderate to good yields via I₂-promoted alkylsulfenylation/cyclization of enaminones with S-alkyl Bunte salts has been described. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and metal- and oxidant-free conditions.

In this study, we constructed a “turn-off” fluorescence probe for the specific detection of antiviral agents by preparing stable reserve solutions of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene (TPE), which notably exhibits the character of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The fluorescent molecules were systematically characterized. The maximum excitation and emission peaks were located at 281 and 440 nm, respectively. We discussed the fluorescence response between TPE and antiviral agents, as well as the effects of certain single-variable factors. The % suppressed efficiency (%E) was calculated and the Stern–Volmer equation was analyzed. The results indicated that Cidofovir (CDV) can more effectively quench TPE based on the mechanism of internal filtration effect (IFE) and static quenching. We studied the linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of CDV. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.2279 mg·L⁻¹. The recovery rates of CDV in blank samples ranged from 93.22%–97.90%. Additionally, different letters “L” were written using the prepared solutions under ambient light and UV light, respectively, demonstrating that the written contents were both readable and easily erasable. The specific recognition of CDV using TPE lays the groundwork for detecting CDV residues, which holds promising prospects for practical detection.

In this study, to make the most of biomass as raw material, carbon aerogel was fabricated by green synthesis and low-cost methods with high applicability. Pachyrhizus erosus-derived carbon aerogel (PCA) was synthesized through a simple process by hydrothermal freeze-drying combined with pyrolysis. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the characterization and applications of PCA was investigated at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Characterization of PCA was analyzed by modern methods: scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. With its diverse pore structure and bulk form, PCA was investigated for applications of oil and organic solvent adsorption and energy storage. From that, PCA becomes a potential material application in adsorption and energy storage with an oil adsorption capacity 31 times its volume and a specific capacitance of up to 349.9 F/g for PCA pyrolysis at 700 °C.

This study aims at elucidating the role of the polysaccharide skeleton (alginate versus chitosan) during the growth and shaping of HKUST-1 as porous beads. Although the two biopolymers afford an open porous hydrogel network, the freeze-drying step was crucial with water medium being inappropriate to preserve the crystalline framework of HKUST-1. Alternatively, drying in ethanol circumvented this drawback by keeping intact the structure of HKUST-1. However, a contrasting behavior was observed in the resulting polysaccharide@HKUST-1 beads, as HKUST-1 grown in alginate underwent a dramatic collapse, whereas self-standing, open porous microspheres could be obtained using the chitosan templating route. The resulting chitosan@HKUST-1 cryogel displays an enhanced CO₂ capture (2.67 mmol.g⁻¹) compared to its analogs shaped by alginate, making consequently chitosan a better option for structuring MOF-based adsorbents.