Immunogenicity of second booster-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccine among older adults in Taiwan.

IF 4.1 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biomedical Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI:10.1016/j.bj.2025.100834

Hao-Yuan Lee, Chih-Hsien Chuang, Chung-Guei Huang, Tzu-Chun Chuang, Yu-An Kung, Cheng-Hsun Chiu

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Abstract

Background: Limited research has explored the immunological effects of a second COVID-19 vaccine booster in older adults within Western Pacific countries.

Methods: This study involved healthcare workers aged ≥65 years who received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (A), mRNA-1273 (M), or MVC-COV1901 (Mc), followed by a booster dose of mRNA-1273. Younger adults served as controls. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured before and after the vaccination.

Results: Younger adults exhibited the highest fold-rise in anti-spike IgG levels (13.20, p < 0.001), followed by the AAMM (9.93, p < 0.001), McMcMM (6.97), and MMMM (4.9, p < 0.05) groups. Cellular response increased most in the McMcMM group (3.77), followed by AAMM (3.04, p < 0.001), MMMM (2.24), and the younger group (1.08). Neutralizing activity against the D614G variant was highest in younger adults (7.77, p < 0.001), followed by AAMM (4.07, p < 0.001), MMMM (2.89, p < 0.05), and McMcMM (2.76). Against the XBB.1.16 variant, titers were significantly lower (17.33-29.08 times less than wild type). The highest fold-rise was observed in the McMcMM group (8.59), followed by AAMM (7.66, p < 0.001), MMMM (4.16), and younger adults (2.26).

Conclusions: A second mRNA COVID-19 booster increased neutralizing antibodies and enhanced T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Adapted vaccines targeting new subvariants are critical to strengthen immunity, particularly for older adults facing vaccine-resistant strains.

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来源期刊

Biomedical Journal Medicine-General Medicine

CiteScore

11.60

自引率

1.80%

发文量

128

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Biomedical Journal publishes 6 peer-reviewed issues per year in all fields of clinical and biomedical sciences for an internationally diverse authorship. Unlike most open access journals, which are free to readers but not authors, Biomedical Journal does not charge for subscription, submission, processing or publication of manuscripts, nor for color reproduction of photographs. Clinical studies, accounts of clinical trials, biomarker studies, and characterization of human pathogens are within the scope of the journal, as well as basic studies in model species such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus revealing the function of molecules, cells, and tissues relevant for human health. However, articles on other species can be published if they contribute to our understanding of basic mechanisms of biology. A highly-cited international editorial board assures timely publication of manuscripts. Reviews on recent progress in biomedical sciences are commissioned by the editors.