Hybrid immunity-based induction of durable pan-endemic-coronavirus immunity in the elderly.

IF 7.5 1区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Cell reports Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115314

Lucie Loyal, Julian Braun, Ulf Reimer, Lil Meyer-Arndt, Larissa Henze, Beate Kruse, Manuela Dingeldey, Maike Mangold, Janina Behrens, Pinkus Tober Lau, Janine Michel, Marica Grossegesse, Karsten Schnatbaum, Holger Wenschuh, Wibke Johannis, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Andreas Nitsche, Florian Klein, Leif-Erik Sander, Andreas Thiel

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Abstract

Repeated vaccinations and infections have led to diverse states of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the global population. However, age and comorbidities can compromise protection against severe disease, and antibody-mediated immunity is undercut by viral immune escape mutations. Whether and to what extent durable T cell responses compensate for reduced humoral immunity, particularly in the elderly, have not been investigated. Here, we utilize SARS-CoV-2-specific and pan-coronavirus-derived peptide pools, including or excluding spike glycoprotein-derived epitopes, to measure vaccination and infection induced pan-human endemic coronavirus (PHEC)-directed T cell immunity. In contrast to vaccinated individuals, hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises high frequencies of PHEC-reactive T cells with comparable frequencies and functional TCR avidities across all age groups. With waning humoral immunity and vulnerability to escape mutations, PHEC-reactive T cells may provide critical protection. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating pan-coronavirus T cell epitopes in future vaccine strategies.

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来源期刊

Cell reports CELL BIOLOGY-

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

1.10%

发文量

1305

审稿时长

77 days

期刊介绍： Cell Reports publishes high-quality research across the life sciences and focuses on new biological insight as its primary criterion for publication. The journal offers three primary article types: Reports, which are shorter single-point articles, research articles, which are longer and provide deeper mechanistic insights, and resources, which highlight significant technical advances or major informational datasets that contribute to biological advances. Reviews covering recent literature in emerging and active fields are also accepted. The Cell Reports Portfolio includes gold open-access journals that cover life, medical, and physical sciences, and its mission is to make cutting-edge research and methodologies available to a wide readership. The journal's professional in-house editors work closely with authors, reviewers, and the scientific advisory board, which consists of current and future leaders in their respective fields. The advisory board guides the scope, content, and quality of the journal, but editorial decisions are independently made by the in-house scientific editors of Cell Reports.