Genotypic analysis of human papillomavirus in cervical exfoliated cells from women in Zigong.

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status among women in Zigong from January 2016 to August 2024 and provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of HPV infection characteristics. The findings aim to enhance cervical cancer screening, inform vaccination strategies, and improve HPV infection prevention measures.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on 48,474 female patients who visited the gynecology department of Zigong Fourth People's Hospital from January 2016 to August 2024. Cervical exfoliated cell samples were collected from the patients, and the genotypes of 10 low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) and 17 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) were detected by flow fluorescent hybridization technique. The study explored HPV infection rates, genotype distribution, number of infections, type of infections, and age distribution. The chi-squared (χ²) test was employed to compare infection statuses between groups.

Results: Among the 48,474 patients, 9749 tested positive for HPV, with an overall infection rate of 20.11%. The HPV infection rate increased gradually from 2016 to 2024 (P < 0.001). The infection rates of single, double, triple, and ≥ quadruple infections were 15.11%, 3.54%, 1.00%, and 0.46%, respectively. The infection rates were 4.41% for LR-HPV-only, 13.13% for HR-HPV-only, and 2.57% for mixed LR and HR-HPV. HR-HPV primarily consisted of HPV types 52, 16, 53, and 58, with infection rates of 3.94%, 2.71%, 2.43%, and 2.42%, respectively. LR-HPV primarily consisted of types 61 and 81, with infection rates of 1.64% and 1.49%, respectively. A significant age correlation in HPV infection was observed (P < 0.001), with two distinct peaks in infection rates.

Conclusions: The HPV infection rate among women visiting the gynecology department in Zigong is high, predominantly involving HPV types 52, 16, 53, and 58. Therefore, strengthening HPV screening efforts and focusing on standardized genotype screening is crucial. Additionally, selecting HPV vaccines targeting prevalent genotypes and actively conducting HPV prevention and control work can reduce the incidence of HPV-related cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.