Maternal Diarrhea During the Periconceptional Period and the Risk of Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 2006–2011

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2438

Dorothy Kim Waller, Nithya Lakshmi Mohan Dass, Omobola O. Oluwafemi, A. J. Agopian, Ji Yun Tark, Adrienne T. Hoyt, Angela E. Scheuerle, Mark A. Canfield, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

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Abstract

Background

The primary objective of this study was to assess associations between maternal reports of diarrhea during early pregnancy and a range of different birth defects, most of which have not been assessed in previous studies. The secondary objective was to determine whether associations were modified by maternal use of multivitamins.

Methods

We analyzed data on 16,675 mothers who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) and delivered between 2006 and 2011. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between maternal report of diarrhea during the periconceptional period and 32 categories of birth defects. Odds ratios were adjusted for nine covariates.

Results

Eleven percent of women reported having diarrhea during the periconceptional period. We observed elevated associations (p < 0.10) between maternal report of diarrhea lasting 1–5 days and 9 of 32 independent categories of birth defects (hypoplastic left heart, muscular ventricular septal defect, single ventricle complex, secundum atrial septal defect, esophageal atresia, diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, and amniotic band syndrome). The elevated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) ranged from 1.45 to 2.62. There were no decreased associations between maternal report of diarrhea lasting 1–5 days and any of the 32 birth defects. There was no evidence for a significant linear trend of stronger associations between maternal diarrhea and birth defects among mothers who had inadequate or suboptimal use of multivitamins.

Conclusion

Our results are consistent with modest associations between shorter, but not longer, bouts of maternal diarrhea and specific categories of birth defects. These results add to existing evidence, suggesting maternal diarrhea and gastrointestinal infections during early pregnancy are associated with a higher frequency of some birth defects.

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.