Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid loaded Resomer RG 502 H based nanoparticles against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress: A detailed formulation, characterization and efficacy determination study

Abstract

This study investigates the innovative application of rosmarinic acid (RA)-loaded Resomer RG 502 H-based nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing therapeutic efficacy against oxidative stress and microbial infections. Rosmarinic acid, a natural polyphenol with significant pharmacological properties, has demonstrated potential in treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. However, its clinical utility is hampered by poor water solubility and bioavailability. To address these challenges, we employed a nanoprecipitation technique to create biodegradable PLGA-based NPs that encapsulate RA effectively. The formulation showed uniformity with a particle size of 217.7 nm ± 4.3 and a PDI of 0.129 ± 0.007. A study was conducted with trehalose to ensure stability during storage. The resultant NPs not only exhibit high encapsulation efficiency (≈72.8 %) but also provide sustained release profiles for 72 h, which are crucial for maximizing RA's therapeutic effects. DSC, FT-IR, and ¹H-NMR analyses confirmed the encapsulation and structural integrity of the formulation. Pharmacological evaluations, including the effects of RA and B-RA-NP on NIH/3T3 cell viability, the evaluation of optimal tBHP concentration, and exposure time for assessing antioxidant activity, reveal that these NPs significantly enhance the antioxidant activity of RA while exhibiting potent antimicrobial effects against a spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. By leveraging nanotechnology for drug delivery, we present a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of RA, thus advancing its application in therapeutic formulations. The findings underscore the transformative potential of nanotechnology in enhancing the clinical relevance of natural compounds, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in pharmaceutical applications.