Regression rates and combustion characteristics of dicyclopentadiene based solid fuels with ball milled boron-PTFE additives

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114035

Dhruval N. Patel , Kyle E. Uhlenhake , Justin Kruse , Metin Örnek , Steven F. Son

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Abstract

Theoretically, boron is attractive as a fuel for air breathing applications; however, its ignition and combustion properties are inadequate for realizing its full potential. In this study, we investigated the effect of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) addition on the combustion and reactivity of boron. We compared the effects of physical mixing and high energy ball milling boron-PTFE mixtures as a function of PTFE loading (0–30 wt.% PTFE). Lower exothermic peak temperatures and minimum ignition energies (MIE) were observed for ball milled boron-PTFE mixtures compared to physically mixed boron-PTFE mixtures, indicating higher reactivity. Conversely, ball milling boron without PTFE was shown to have a negligible or negative impact on exothermic peak temperatures and minimum ignition energy. To elucidate the effects of ball milling on boron-PTFE combustion in a fuel system, physical and ball milled mixtures of boron and boron-PTFE mixtures were added into dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). Fuel mixtures of 70 wt.% DCPD and 30 wt.% boron or boron-PTFE mixtures (PM-mixtures and BM-mixtures) were tested in a closed bomb calorimeter to determine heats of combustion and combustion efficiency and an opposed flow burner to determine regression rates and flame temperatures at varying oxidizer flow rates. Heats of combustion, combustion efficiencies and regression rates of DCPD based fuel mixtures are improved with ball milled additives compared to neat boron additives. Furthermore, increasing PTFE content in ball milled boron-PTFE additives enhanced the heats of combustion, combustion efficiencies and regression rates of DCPD based fuel mixtures. The enhanced combustion characteristics of ball milled boron-PTFE mixtures can be attributed to the reduced diffusion distances between intertwined boron and PTFE. These shorter diffusion distances elevate temperatures and increase the rate of boron oxide gasification. This improvement may render boron a more feasible fuel, especially in air-breathing applications.

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含球磨硼-聚四氟乙烯添加剂的双环戊二烯基固体燃料的回归速率和燃烧特性

从理论上讲，硼作为空气呼吸燃料很有吸引力；然而，其点火和燃烧性能不足以充分发挥其潜力。本研究考察了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的加入对硼的燃烧和反应性的影响。我们比较了物理混合和高能球磨硼-聚四氟乙烯混合物作为PTFE载荷（0-30 wt.% PTFE）的函数的影响。与物理混合的硼-聚四氟乙烯混合物相比，球磨硼-聚四氟乙烯混合物的放热峰值温度和最小点火能（MIE）更低，表明反应活性更高。相反，不含PTFE的球磨硼对放热峰值温度和最小点火能量的影响可以忽略不计或为负。为了阐明球磨对燃料系统中硼-聚四氟乙烯燃烧的影响，将硼和硼-聚四氟乙烯混合物的物理和球磨混合物加入到双环戊二烯（DCPD）中。70 wt.% DCPD和30 wt.%硼或硼- ptfe混合物（pm -混合物和bm -混合物）的燃料混合物在封闭弹量热计中测试，以确定燃烧热量和燃烧效率，并在反流燃烧器中测试，以确定在不同氧化剂流量下的回归速率和火焰温度。与纯硼添加剂相比，球磨添加剂改善了DCPD基燃料混合物的燃烧热、燃烧效率和回归率。此外，球磨硼-聚四氟乙烯添加剂中PTFE含量的增加提高了DCPD基燃料混合物的燃烧热、燃烧效率和回归率。球磨硼-聚四氟乙烯混合物的燃烧特性增强可归因于缠绕在一起的硼和聚四氟乙烯之间的扩散距离减少。这些较短的扩散距离提高了温度，增加了氧化硼气化的速度。这种改进可能使硼成为一种更可行的燃料，特别是在空气呼吸应用中。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.