Exploring the Potential for Graphic Warning Labels to Reduce Intentions to Consume Energy Drinks

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Health Promotion Journal of Australia Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1002/hpja.70004

Xiaole Zhu, Caroline Miller, Rachel Roberts, Kerry Ettridge

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Abstract

Issue Addressed

Effective interventions to reduce energy drink (ED) consumption are needed. This study explored the effect of warning labels on intentions to reduce ED consumption, perceived label effectiveness and protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs.

Methods

Australian ED consumers aged 18 to 39 years (N = 343) participated in an experimental online survey, randomly assigned to view one of three ED warning label conditions (weight gain, cardiac effects, no label—control). Intentions to reduce ED consumption, perceived effectiveness of labels and selected PMT constructs were assessed.

Results

Participants reported moderate-high awareness of the health effects of consumption (62.68%) and advisory statements on EDs (69.39%), including daily consumption limits (48.40%). EDs were consumed frequently, with 56.26% regular (at least weekly) consumers and most commonly for functional benefits (e.g., alertness). ED warning labels did not have a statistically significant effect on intentions to reduce consumption. The cardiac label performed better than the weight gain label in ‘grabbed attention’ (72.97% vs. 55.66%, p = 0.008), with non-significant trends (p > 0.05, absolute differences ≥ 10%) suggesting it was stronger on some other perceived effectiveness measures. Supplementary analyses indicated females in the cardiac condition reported greater intentions to reduce ED consumption than females in the control condition (p = 0.042).

Conclusions

Graphic warning labels and labels warning of cardiac effects are worthy of further exploration as a potential intervention to reduce ED consumption.

So What?

Future research should explore the motivations underlying ED consumption and further explore messages that will resonate with consumers.

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探索图形警告标签的潜力，以减少消耗能量饮料的意图

需要有效的干预措施来减少能量饮料（ED）的消耗。本研究探讨了警示标签对减少ED消耗意愿、感知标签有效性和保护动机理论（PMT）构念的影响。方法年龄在18 - 39岁的澳大利亚ED消费者（N = 343）参加了一项实验性在线调查，他们被随机分配到三种ED警告标签条件（体重增加、心脏影响、无标签控制）中的一种。评估了减少ED消耗的意图、标签的感知有效性和选定的PMT结构。结果参与者报告了消费对健康影响的中高意识（62.68%）和ed的咨询声明（69.39%），包括每日消费限制（48.40%）。ed的消费频率很高，56.26%的人定期（至少每周）消费，最常见的是功能性益处（例如，警觉性）。ED警告标签对减少消费的意图没有统计学上的显著影响。心脏标签在“吸引注意力”方面的表现优于体重增加标签（72.97% vs. 55.66%, p = 0.008），无显著趋势（p > 0.05，绝对差异≥10%）表明它在其他一些感知有效性指标上更强。补充分析表明，患有心脏病的女性比对照组的女性更倾向于减少ED的消耗（p = 0.042）。结论图形警示标签和心脏影响警示标签作为减少ED消耗的潜在干预措施值得进一步探讨。那又怎样?未来的研究应该探索ED消费背后的动机，并进一步探索能与消费者产生共鸣的信息。

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来源期刊

Health Promotion Journal of Australia PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

10.50%

发文量

115

期刊介绍： The purpose of the Health Promotion Journal of Australia is to facilitate communication between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in health promotion activities. Preference for publication is given to practical examples of policies, theories, strategies and programs which utilise educational, organisational, economic and/or environmental approaches to health promotion. The journal also publishes brief reports discussing programs, professional viewpoints, and guidelines for practice or evaluation methodology. The journal features articles, brief reports, editorials, perspectives, "of interest", viewpoints, book reviews and letters.