From Reduction To Remediation: Sustainable Use of Algal Fibrous Mats for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Dye Removal

Abstract

Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods that often rely on toxic reducing agents, offering an environmentally friendly approach to nanoparticle production. The use of nanofibrous substrates, algal nanofibers (Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Cystoseira barbata (Cb)), for the reduction process enhances the efficiency of nanoparticle formation, providing a larger surface area for reaction and ensuring uniform distribution of the synthesized nanoparticles. Following the biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and their stabilization with xanthan gum (XG), the resulting PAN/Cb/Ag@XG nanofibrous catalyst demonstrates excellent reusability, maintaining its activity and structural integrity even after multiple cycles of use. The stabilization with XG also ensures long-term shelf life by preventing nanoparticle aggregation. Additionally, the nanofibrous material exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Its dual functionality—targeting harmful pathogens while avoiding secondary pollution—positions them as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for advanced water purification and disinfection systems.