Antibody-level Bacteria Grabbing by “Mechanic Invasion” of Bioinspired Hedgehog Artificial Mesoporous Nanostructure for Hierarchical Dynamic Identification and Light-Response Sterilization

Abstract

The interactions exploration between microorganisms and nanostructures are pivotal steps toward advanced applications, but the antibody-level bacteria grabbing is limited by the poor understanding of interface identification mechanisms in small-sized systems. Herein, the de novo design of a bioinspired hedgehog artificial mesoporous nanostructure (core–shell mesoporous Au@Pt (mAPt)) are proposed to investigate the association between the topography design and efficient bacteria grabbing. These observations indicate that virus-like spiky topography compensates for the obstacles faced by small-sized materials for bacteria grabbing, including the lack of requisite microscopic cavities and sufficient contact area. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals that spiky topography with heightened mechano-invasiveness (6.56 × 10³ KJ mol⁻¹) facilitates antibody-level bacteria grabbing, attributed to the “mechanic invasion”-induced hierarchical dynamic identification ranging from rough surface contact to penetration fixation. Furthermore, light reflectance and finite element calculation confirmed that mAPt exhibits near-superblack characteristic and plasmonic hot spot, facilitating enhanced photothermal conversion with power dissipation density at 2.04 × 10²¹ W m⁻³. After integrating the hierarchical dynamic identification with enhanced light response, mAPt enables advanced applications in immunoassay with 50-fold sensitivity enhancement and over 99.99% in vitro photothermal sterilization. It is anticipated that this novel biomimetic design provides a deeper understanding of bacteria grabbing and a promising paradigm for bacteria combating.