Great carbon nano materials based composites for electronic skin: Intelligent sensing, and self-powered nano generators

Abstract

Recent advancements (2019–2025) in carbon nanomaterials-based composites have been reported. These composites propelled the development of next-generation electronic skin (e-skin) with enhanced functionalities. These are multi-sensing, and self-powered nano generators. Such materials, featuring stretchable and conductive properties, allow for the creation of e-skin. This e-skin mimics human skin's mechanical flexibility while integrating advanced sensing capabilities for pressure, temperature, and tactile feedback. Self-healing elastomers, utilizing dynamic covalent bonds and supramolecular interactions, extend the durability and lifespan of e-skin by enabling autonomous damage repair. Meanwhile, innovations in thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric elastomers provide mechanisms for harvesting mechanical and thermal energy, enabling self-powered e-skin devices. This review explores the latest developments in these materials and their applications in healthcare, wearable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. Key challenges in material stability, manufacturing scalability, and multifunctional integration are also addressed, offering insights into future research directions that will further advance the field of elastomer-based e-skin.