{"title":"Advancing lodging resistance in maize: Integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic insights for sustainable crop productivity","authors":"Shumila Ishfaq , Yi Ding , Xiaoyan Liang , Wei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100777","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop lodging, characterized by the bending or breaking of plant stems, poses a significant challenge to global food security by reducing crop yields and complicating harvesting processes. This review explores the factors influencing lodging susceptibility, including environmental conditions, genetic traits, fertilizer management, pathogens, and hormonal regulation. Recent advancements in maize research have uncovered critical genetic traits and elucidated the roles of key hormonal pathways—such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), auxin, and ethylene—in modulating stem elongation, tillering angles, and root system architecture. These pathways collectively shape crop architecture, with GA and SL contributing to stalk strength, and auxin and ethylene enhancing root development and plant stability. Concurrently, agronomic interventions, such as optimized planting density and nutrient management, have improved stem integrity and mitigated lodging risk. By integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic knowledge, researchers have made remarkable progress in developing maize varieties that resist lodging, enhancing crop resilience and yield stability under various environmental conditions. Future research should focus on unraveling the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying lodging resistance, addressing technical limitations in implementation, and advancing sustainable agricultural practices to secure global food production and ensure long-term productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant Stress","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000429","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Crop lodging, characterized by the bending or breaking of plant stems, poses a significant challenge to global food security by reducing crop yields and complicating harvesting processes. This review explores the factors influencing lodging susceptibility, including environmental conditions, genetic traits, fertilizer management, pathogens, and hormonal regulation. Recent advancements in maize research have uncovered critical genetic traits and elucidated the roles of key hormonal pathways—such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), auxin, and ethylene—in modulating stem elongation, tillering angles, and root system architecture. These pathways collectively shape crop architecture, with GA and SL contributing to stalk strength, and auxin and ethylene enhancing root development and plant stability. Concurrently, agronomic interventions, such as optimized planting density and nutrient management, have improved stem integrity and mitigated lodging risk. By integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic knowledge, researchers have made remarkable progress in developing maize varieties that resist lodging, enhancing crop resilience and yield stability under various environmental conditions. Future research should focus on unraveling the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying lodging resistance, addressing technical limitations in implementation, and advancing sustainable agricultural practices to secure global food production and ensure long-term productivity.
期刊介绍：
The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues.
Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and:
Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding),
Salinity stress,
Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing),
Hypoxia and/or anoxia,
Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency,
Heavy metals and/or metalloids,
Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection,
Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions.
The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.
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