Plant Stress最新文献

Selenium increases the capacity of antioxidative defense and their accompanying metal cofactors in maize under sulfate salinity

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100816

Kashif Saeed, Md Arif Hussain, Muna Ali Abdalla, Karl Hermann Mühling

The most prevalent salts in saline soils are sodium salts like NaCl and Na₂SO₄. Various salinity forms are the most harmful abiotic stress, which can affect plants' growth, uptake of nutrients, and antioxidant machinery. Selenium (Se) confers resistance to salinity by stimulating the ROS detoxification, which are over-accumulated due to stress. Three doses of Se (0, 10, and 50 µM) were applied to hydroponically grown maize under both Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻-salinity at an equimolar Na⁺ concentration of 100 mM to evaluate the impact of Se on important enzyme activities and nutrient uptake. Higher levels of MDA content under Cl⁻-salinity were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in plants, demonstrating that Cl⁻-salinity has more harmful effects than SO₄²⁻-salinity. Se application considerably increased the Se concentration in plant tissues, but SO₄²⁻-salinity caused less absorption due to competition. Compared to Se-free shoots, moderate Se dramatically increased the levels of metals, including Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu, essential for enzyme function under SO₄²⁻-salinity conditions. In contrast, no significant effects were observed under Cl⁻-salinity conditions. Se at a moderate level promoted antioxidant capacity by significantly inducing the enzymatic activities (APX, CAT, GR, SOD, and GPX) in similar patterns under the SO₄²⁻-salinity condition. Whereas, compared to Se0, moderate Se level elevated SOD, CAT, and GPX activities under Cl⁻-salinity, indicating Se's protective and antioxidative role under salinity. The results suggest that even with low uptake due to high SO₄²⁻ availability, moderate Se supply increases the absorption of metal cofactors (micronutrients). This, in turn, enhances antioxidative defenses, enabling maize crops to better tolerate salt stress.

{"title":"Selenium increases the capacity of antioxidative defense and their accompanying metal cofactors in maize under sulfate salinity","authors":"Kashif Saeed, Md Arif Hussain, Muna Ali Abdalla, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most prevalent salts in saline soils are sodium salts like NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Various salinity forms are the most harmful abiotic stress, which can affect plants' growth, uptake of nutrients, and antioxidant machinery. Selenium (Se) confers resistance to salinity by stimulating the ROS detoxification, which are over-accumulated due to stress. Three doses of Se (0, 10, and 50 µM) were applied to hydroponically grown maize under both Cl<sup>−</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-salinity at an equimolar Na<sup>+</sup> concentration of 100 mM to evaluate the impact of Se on important enzyme activities and nutrient uptake. Higher levels of MDA content under Cl<sup>−</sup>-salinity were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in plants, demonstrating that Cl<sup>−</sup>-salinity has more harmful effects than SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-salinity. Se application considerably increased the Se concentration in plant tissues, but SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-salinity caused less absorption due to competition. Compared to Se-free shoots, moderate Se dramatically increased the levels of metals, including Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu, essential for enzyme function under SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-salinity conditions. In contrast, no significant effects were observed under Cl<sup>−</sup>-salinity conditions. Se at a moderate level promoted antioxidant capacity by significantly inducing the enzymatic activities (APX, CAT, GR, SOD, and GPX) in similar patterns under the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-salinity condition. Whereas, compared to Se0, moderate Se level elevated SOD, CAT, and GPX activities under Cl<sup>−</sup>-salinity, indicating Se's protective and antioxidative role under salinity. The results suggest that even with low uptake due to high SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> availability, moderate Se supply increases the absorption of metal cofactors (micronutrients). This, in turn, enhances antioxidative defenses, enabling maize crops to better tolerate salt stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of microbial biofertilizer on proteomic profiling, antioxidant enzyme and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata Burm.f Nee. under drought stress

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100817

Butsakorn Yodphet , Nuntavun Riddech , Wanwipa Kaewpradit , Sittiruk Roytrakul , Sophon Boonlue , Nisachon Jangpromma

Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant susceptible to drought stress. This study, employing a completely randomized design, examines the impact of drought stress on the growth and andrographolide content of A. paniculata. Microbial biofertilizers were investigated for their ability to mitigate drought stress and enhance resilience in Andrographis paniculata. Their effectiveness was evidenced by plants supplemented with microbial biofertilizers under drought stress (T4) maintaining significantly higher leaf relative water content (RWC) at 78.75 %, compared to unfertilized drought-stressed plants (T2) with only 22.37 % RWC. Microbial biofertilized A. paniculata also exhibited reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX), indicating mitigated oxidative stress. Importantly, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that microbial biofertilizer significantly increased andrographolide content, a key bioactive compound, even under drought stress. Proteomic analysis identified key stress responses and photosynthetic proteins upregulated by microbial biofertilizers, particularly under drought. A. paniculata treated with microbial biofertilizers under well-watered conditions (T3) showed increased levels of proteins involved in photosynthesis and stress response (cytochrome F, ATP synthase), and drought tolerance (Kaurene synthase 1). The key photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO displayed a 2.48-fold increase in T4, suggesting improved photosynthetic efficiency. Unique protein expressions in T4, including ribosomal proteins and UDP-glycosyltransferase, suggest enhanced drought tolerance. Furthermore, consistent upregulation of NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 indicates improved photosynthesis and resilience under both well-watered and drought conditions. Overall, microbial biofertilizers modulated protein expression, enhancing drought tolerance of A. paniculata by improving stress response, photosynthetic capacity, and potentially other cellular processes.

{"title":"Effect of microbial biofertilizer on proteomic profiling, antioxidant enzyme and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata Burm.f Nee. under drought stress","authors":"Butsakorn Yodphet , Nuntavun Riddech , Wanwipa Kaewpradit , Sittiruk Roytrakul , Sophon Boonlue , Nisachon Jangpromma","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Andrographis paniculata</em> is a medicinal plant susceptible to drought stress. This study, employing a completely randomized design, examines the impact of drought stress on the growth and andrographolide content of <em>A. paniculata.</em> Microbial biofertilizers were investigated for their ability to mitigate drought stress and enhance resilience in <em>Andrographis paniculata</em>. Their effectiveness was evidenced by plants supplemented with microbial biofertilizers under drought stress (T4) maintaining significantly higher leaf relative water content (RWC) at 78.75 %, compared to unfertilized drought-stressed plants (T2) with only 22.37 % RWC. Microbial biofertilized <em>A. paniculata</em> also exhibited reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX), indicating mitigated oxidative stress. Importantly, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that microbial biofertilizer significantly increased andrographolide content, a key bioactive compound, even under drought stress. Proteomic analysis identified key stress responses and photosynthetic proteins upregulated by microbial biofertilizers, particularly under drought. <em>A. paniculata</em> treated with microbial biofertilizers under well-watered conditions (T3) showed increased levels of proteins involved in photosynthesis and stress response (cytochrome F, ATP synthase), and drought tolerance (Kaurene synthase 1). The key photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO displayed a 2.48-fold increase in T4, suggesting improved photosynthetic efficiency. Unique protein expressions in T4, including ribosomal proteins and UDP-glycosyltransferase, suggest enhanced drought tolerance. Furthermore, consistent upregulation of NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 indicates improved photosynthesis and resilience under both well-watered and drought conditions. Overall, microbial biofertilizers modulated protein expression, enhancing drought tolerance of <em>A. paniculata</em> by improving stress response, photosynthetic capacity, and potentially other cellular processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100817"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coumarin and hesperidin lessen oxidative damage by regulating metal sequestration, redox homeostasis, and ionomics in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under chromium, copper, and nickel stress

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100818

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf , Rizwan Rasheed , Shafaqat Ali , Sarah Owdah Alomrani , Umer Farooq , Abdul Ghafoor , Mohammad Ali Alshehri

The present study was performed to examine the potential of coumarin and hesperidin to subside the phytotoxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in castor bean plants. Metal toxicity diminished growth, chlorophyll, and antioxidant pigments, alongside a profound diminution in relative water content. Conversely, metal toxicity initiates a surge in the accumulation of amino acids, soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, which indicates osmotic adjustment in plants. Metal toxicity diminished nitrate reductase activity, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and heightened oxidative injury. In stressed plants, enhanced lipoxygenase (LOX) activity exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzyme activities decreased while the levels of flavonoids, phenolics, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased, accompanied by a reduction in the GSH:GSSG ratio. Plants experienced impaired nutrient acquisition under metal toxicity. Coumarin and hesperidin increased nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide levels, which might have restored the redox balance. Consequently, plants administered coumarin and hesperidin manifested more profound levels of chlorophyll, strengthened antioxidant system, efficient ROS detoxification, and diminished oxidative damage that, in turn, restored cellular homeostasis. Coumarin and hesperidin remarkably ebbed aerial translocation of metals, thereby preventing colossal metal accumulation in leaves.

{"title":"Coumarin and hesperidin lessen oxidative damage by regulating metal sequestration, redox homeostasis, and ionomics in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under chromium, copper, and nickel stress","authors":"Muhammad Arslan Ashraf , Rizwan Rasheed , Shafaqat Ali , Sarah Owdah Alomrani , Umer Farooq , Abdul Ghafoor , Mohammad Ali Alshehri","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was performed to examine the potential of coumarin and hesperidin to subside the phytotoxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in castor bean plants. Metal toxicity diminished growth, chlorophyll, and antioxidant pigments, alongside a profound diminution in relative water content. Conversely, metal toxicity initiates a surge in the accumulation of amino acids, soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, which indicates osmotic adjustment in plants. Metal toxicity diminished nitrate reductase activity, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and heightened oxidative injury. In stressed plants, enhanced lipoxygenase (LOX) activity exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzyme activities decreased while the levels of flavonoids, phenolics, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased, accompanied by a reduction in the GSH:GSSG ratio. Plants experienced impaired nutrient acquisition under metal toxicity. Coumarin and hesperidin increased nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide levels, which might have restored the redox balance. Consequently, plants administered coumarin and hesperidin manifested more profound levels of chlorophyll, strengthened antioxidant system, efficient ROS detoxification, and diminished oxidative damage that, in turn, restored cellular homeostasis. Coumarin and hesperidin remarkably ebbed aerial translocation of metals, thereby preventing colossal metal accumulation in leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrative physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic insights into phenylpropanoids pathway responses in Nicotiana tabacum under drought stress

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100815

Quanyu Yin , Zhao Feng , Zhichao Ren , Hui Wang , Dongling Wu , Amit Jaisi , Mengquan Yang

The development and productivity of plants are profoundly influenced by adverse environmental conditions, particularly drought stress. This study investigates the physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses of Nicotiana tabacum to varying levels of drought stress (well-watered, light drought, moderate drought, and severe drought). Comprehensive analyses were conducted to evaluate phenotypic changes, physiological parameters, gene expression, and metabolite profiles. Drought stress significantly inhibited plant growth, reduced relative water content, and altered transpiration rates. Protective enzyme activities also declined under increased drought intensity. Transcriptome analysis identified 7,483, 15,558, and 16,876 differentially expressed genes in light, moderate, and severe drought conditions compared to the control, respectively. Similarly, metabolome analysis revealed 410, 485, and 523 differentially accumulated metabolites under these conditions. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data highlighted the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway as a critical mechanism mediating drought tolerance in N. tabacum. Key metabolites, including chlorogenic acid, rutin, and taxifolin, exhibited significant changes, correlating with drought stress severity. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and biochemical strategies employed by N. tabacum to adapt to water scarcity. This study highlights the crucial role of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in drought stress tolerance and identifies potential targets for molecular breeding to develop drought-resilient crops. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of plant responses to drought stress, aligning with the urgent need to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture.

{"title":"Integrative physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic insights into phenylpropanoids pathway responses in Nicotiana tabacum under drought stress","authors":"Quanyu Yin , Zhao Feng , Zhichao Ren , Hui Wang , Dongling Wu , Amit Jaisi , Mengquan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development and productivity of plants are profoundly influenced by adverse environmental conditions, particularly drought stress. This study investigates the physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses of <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> to varying levels of drought stress (well-watered, light drought, moderate drought, and severe drought). Comprehensive analyses were conducted to evaluate phenotypic changes, physiological parameters, gene expression, and metabolite profiles. Drought stress significantly inhibited plant growth, reduced relative water content, and altered transpiration rates. Protective enzyme activities also declined under increased drought intensity. Transcriptome analysis identified 7,483, 15,558, and 16,876 differentially expressed genes in light, moderate, and severe drought conditions compared to the control, respectively. Similarly, metabolome analysis revealed 410, 485, and 523 differentially accumulated metabolites under these conditions. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data highlighted the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway as a critical mechanism mediating drought tolerance in <em>N. tabacum</em>. Key metabolites, including chlorogenic acid, rutin, and taxifolin, exhibited significant changes, correlating with drought stress severity. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and biochemical strategies employed by <em>N. tabacum</em> to adapt to water scarcity. This study highlights the crucial role of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in drought stress tolerance and identifies potential targets for molecular breeding to develop drought-resilient crops. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of plant responses to drought stress, aligning with the urgent need to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antarctic endophytic fungi enhance strawberry resilience to drought and heat stress by modulating aquaporins and dehydrins

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100805

María Alejandra Yáñez , Sebastián Flores , Francisca Hormazábal-Abarza , Stephan Pollmann , Pedro E. Gundel , Antonio Cabrera-Ariza , Rómulo Santelices-Moya , Luis Morales-Quintana , Patricio Ramos

Global climate change is linked to an increased occurrence of heat waves and droughts, which alter plant growth and development, and thus threaten food security. By associating with generalist root fungal endophytes that are adapted to harsh environments, crop plants can improve productivity under adverse conditions. Here, we examined the effects of two root endophytes isolated from Antarctica plants (Penicillium chrysogenum and P. brevicompactum) on mechanisms of tolerance to heat and drought in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). We found that inoculated plants exhibited better water retention, increased photosynthesis, reduced proline content and lipid peroxidation, and modulated antioxidative enzymatic activity. Transcriptomic and cis-element/transcription factor analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, including dehydrins, as well as with cellular water homeostasis, such as aquaporins. These DEGs reveal mechanisms that enhance the physiological performance of endophyte-inoculated plants under drought and high-temperatures. This study highlights the novel role of Antarctic fungi in modulating ABA signaling and aquaporin expression, offering potential agricultural applications to enhance plant stress tolerance, which is crucial for improving food security.

{"title":"Antarctic endophytic fungi enhance strawberry resilience to drought and heat stress by modulating aquaporins and dehydrins","authors":"María Alejandra Yáñez , Sebastián Flores , Francisca Hormazábal-Abarza , Stephan Pollmann , Pedro E. Gundel , Antonio Cabrera-Ariza , Rómulo Santelices-Moya , Luis Morales-Quintana , Patricio Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change is linked to an increased occurrence of heat waves and droughts, which alter plant growth and development, and thus threaten food security. By associating with generalist root fungal endophytes that are adapted to harsh environments, crop plants can improve productivity under adverse conditions. Here, we examined the effects of two root endophytes isolated from Antarctica plants (<em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em> and <em>P. brevicompactum</em>) on mechanisms of tolerance to heat and drought in strawberry (<em>Fragaria</em> x <em>ananassa</em>). We found that inoculated plants exhibited better water retention, increased photosynthesis, reduced proline content and lipid peroxidation, and modulated antioxidative enzymatic activity. Transcriptomic and <em>cis</em>-element/transcription factor analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, including <em>dehydrins</em>, as well as with cellular water homeostasis, such as <em>aquaporins</em>. These DEGs reveal mechanisms that enhance the physiological performance of endophyte-inoculated plants under drought and high-temperatures. This study highlights the novel role of Antarctic fungi in modulating ABA signaling and aquaporin expression, offering potential agricultural applications to enhance plant stress tolerance, which is crucial for improving food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent evidence for transgenerational adaptation resulting from stress induced changes in the cytosine methylation landscape of plants

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100812

Emil Vatov , Tsanko Gechev

This paper reviews the emerging evidence for the role of cytosine methylation in transgenerational adaptation to environmental stress in plants. The ability of plants to propagate acquired epigenetic changes through cell division indicates their potential role in long term adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The key role in this process is the interaction between cytosine methylation, histone modifications and RdDM. The main target for cytosine methylation are the transposon elements (TEs). Stress induced differential methylation of TEs can induce cis- and trans- regulation of gene activity as well as their mutagenic potential. TE insertion however, does not happen completely at random, but is dependent on the histones present in the chromatin structure of a particular genomic region. Recent experiments show strong evidence for preferential stress induced TE activation and insertion as a force in short and long term adaptation. Additional evidence exists for unique activation of TEs during meiosis, enhancing the probabilities for unique beneficial mutations in the progeny. Plants have evolved different responses for many types of stress and depending on the severity, duration and repetitiveness of the stress can induce different types of epigenetic changes. Drought, nutrients, salinity, temperature and various types of biotic stresses have their own cytosine methylation profile. This data highlights the potential existence of a strong internal mechanism for stress induced transgenerational adaptation, which can be harnessed for developing stress-resilient crops.

{"title":"Recent evidence for transgenerational adaptation resulting from stress induced changes in the cytosine methylation landscape of plants","authors":"Emil Vatov , Tsanko Gechev","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the emerging evidence for the role of cytosine methylation in transgenerational adaptation to environmental stress in plants. The ability of plants to propagate acquired epigenetic changes through cell division indicates their potential role in long term adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The key role in this process is the interaction between cytosine methylation, histone modifications and RdDM. The main target for cytosine methylation are the transposon elements (TEs). Stress induced differential methylation of TEs can induce <em>cis</em>- and <em>trans-</em> regulation of gene activity as well as their mutagenic potential. TE insertion however, does not happen completely at random, but is dependent on the histones present in the chromatin structure of a particular genomic region. Recent experiments show strong evidence for preferential stress induced TE activation and insertion as a force in short and long term adaptation. Additional evidence exists for unique activation of TEs during meiosis, enhancing the probabilities for unique beneficial mutations in the progeny. Plants have evolved different responses for many types of stress and depending on the severity, duration and repetitiveness of the stress can induce different types of epigenetic changes. Drought, nutrients, salinity, temperature and various types of biotic stresses have their own cytosine methylation profile. This data highlights the potential existence of a strong internal mechanism for stress induced transgenerational adaptation, which can be harnessed for developing stress-resilient crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100812"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals aerenchyma-mediated antioxidant defense and energy metabolism conferring high waterlogging tolerance in sea barley

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100813

Zhengyuan Xu , Zheng Wang , Hao Gao , Mingjiong Chen , Yuling Zheng , Qiufang Shen , Guoping Zhang

Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress restricting crop production, and its frequency is increasing due to global climate change. Although some genes related to respiration and carbohydrate metabolism under waterlogging have been identified, the key elements regulating waterlogging tolerance remain unclear. In this study, we found sea barley (Hordeum marinum, accession H559), a wild relative of Triticeae species, exhibited much higher waterlogging tolerance than barley (Hordeum vulgare, cultivar ZU9). This tolerance was directly associated with well-developed aerenchyma, under both normal and waterlogging conditions. After 20-day of waterlogging, 2,348 and 867 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots were detected in sea barley and barley, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the key stress-responsive transcription factors (such as bHLH121 and MYB2) involved in aerenchyma formation were significantly up-regulated in sea barley, while remained little change in barley. Metabolomic analysis further showed that superior waterlogging tolerance of sea barley was due to its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and energy deficit by maintaining higher sugar content and an active tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, both of which depended on well-developed aerenchyma. This study enhances our understanding of waterlogging tolerance mechanisms at both transcriptomic and metabolic levels, providing valuable insights for genetic breeding for waterlogging-tolerant cultivars.

{"title":"An integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals aerenchyma-mediated antioxidant defense and energy metabolism conferring high waterlogging tolerance in sea barley","authors":"Zhengyuan Xu , Zheng Wang , Hao Gao , Mingjiong Chen , Yuling Zheng , Qiufang Shen , Guoping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress restricting crop production, and its frequency is increasing due to global climate change. Although some genes related to respiration and carbohydrate metabolism under waterlogging have been identified, the key elements regulating waterlogging tolerance remain unclear. In this study, we found sea barley (<em>Hordeum marinum</em>, accession H559), a wild relative of Triticeae species, exhibited much higher waterlogging tolerance than barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>, cultivar ZU9). This tolerance was directly associated with well-developed aerenchyma, under both normal and waterlogging conditions. After 20-day of waterlogging, 2,348 and 867 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots were detected in sea barley and barley, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the key stress-responsive transcription factors (such as <em>bHLH121</em> and <em>MYB2</em>) involved in aerenchyma formation were significantly up-regulated in sea barley, while remained little change in barley. Metabolomic analysis further showed that superior waterlogging tolerance of sea barley was due to its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and energy deficit by maintaining higher sugar content and an active tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, both of which depended on well-developed aerenchyma. This study enhances our understanding of waterlogging tolerance mechanisms at both transcriptomic and metabolic levels, providing valuable insights for genetic breeding for waterlogging-tolerant cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of SiO2 nanoparticles to address CdS NPs contamination in spinach

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100811

Hameed Ullah , Yanqing Sheng , Wenjing Wang , Zheng Wang , Huiyi Yang , Steven Dobbie

Rising cadmium (Cd) contamination poses significant threats to crop productivity, quality, and human health. To address this, nano-enabled techniques have recently gained attention for their potential to enhance crop yields and remediate contamination due to heavy metals. This study explores the efficacy of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) in mitigating the effects of cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs in spinach. Field experiments were conducted growing spinach plants subjected to cultivation with 1 mg/L CdS NPs contamination, with foliar application of SiO₂ NPs at concentrations of 1, 20, and 100 mg/L. The phenotypic, biochemical, and metabolic responses of the plants to stress conditions were examined following exposure to CdS and SiO₂ for four weeks. The results showed that SiO₂ NPs increased the fresh and dry weights of both roots and shoots. Furthermore, CdS NPs exposure reduced chlorophyll content by 66.76 %, whereas SiO₂ NPs co-exposure increased chlorophyll levels by up to 42 % compared to the CdS NPs and control groups. However, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in leaves for the CdS-only group and roots for all treatments indicating oxidative stress was most pronounced for the CdS case. Results demonstrated that SiO₂ application significantly reduced Cd accumulation in spinach by up to 34.92 %. Also, enhanced mineral accumulations were recorded in both roots and shoots, whereas decreased levels were found in the co-exposure groups, except for Zn. The exposure to SiO₂ resulted in upregulation of metabolites including galactonic acid, d-aspartic acid and others, and UDP-d-galactose was downregulated in the group exposed only to CdS NPs. The upregulation of these metabolites by SiO₂ NPs demonstrates their mitigating effect against CdS NPs induced stress. This work enhances understanding of phenotypic and metabolic alterations induced in spinach by CdS and SiO₂ NPs, and independently and through their co-exposure. Overall, our findings indicate that Cd contamination can be reduced in spinach using SiO₂ NPs when applied at low levels, and the mechanisms are discussed.

{"title":"Application of SiO2 nanoparticles to address CdS NPs contamination in spinach","authors":"Hameed Ullah , Yanqing Sheng , Wenjing Wang , Zheng Wang , Huiyi Yang , Steven Dobbie","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising cadmium (Cd) contamination poses significant threats to crop productivity, quality, and human health. To address this, nano-enabled techniques have recently gained attention for their potential to enhance crop yields and remediate contamination due to heavy metals. This study explores the efficacy of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) in mitigating the effects of cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs in spinach. Field experiments were conducted growing spinach plants subjected to cultivation with 1 mg/L CdS NPs contamination, with foliar application of SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs at concentrations of 1, 20, and 100 mg/L. The phenotypic, biochemical, and metabolic responses of the plants to stress conditions were examined following exposure to CdS and SiO<sub>2</sub> for four weeks. The results showed that SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs increased the fresh and dry weights of both roots and shoots. Furthermore, CdS NPs exposure reduced chlorophyll content by 66.76 %, whereas SiO₂ NPs co-exposure increased chlorophyll levels by up to 42 % compared to the CdS NPs and control groups. However, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in leaves for the CdS-only group and roots for all treatments indicating oxidative stress was most pronounced for the CdS case. Results demonstrated that SiO₂ application significantly reduced Cd accumulation in spinach by up to 34.92 %. Also, enhanced mineral accumulations were recorded in both roots and shoots, whereas decreased levels were found in the co-exposure groups, except for Zn. The exposure to SiO<sub>2</sub> resulted in upregulation of metabolites including galactonic acid, d-aspartic acid and others, and UDP-d-galactose was downregulated in the group exposed only to CdS NPs. The upregulation of these metabolites by SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs demonstrates their mitigating effect against CdS NPs induced stress. This work enhances understanding of phenotypic and metabolic alterations induced in spinach by CdS and SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, and independently and through their co-exposure. Overall, our findings indicate that Cd contamination can be reduced in spinach using SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs when applied at low levels, and the mechanisms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of fulvic acid relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by regulating multiple defense pathways

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100808

Kangning Han, Jin Zhang, Cheng Wang, Jianming Xie

In the current environment of agricultural production, abiotic stress caused by high nitrate is becoming more and more serious. Fulvic acid (FA), a plant growth regulator, acts a vital role in improving plant stress tolerance. However, specific impacts of FA on vegetables under nitrate stress have been less studied. This study focused on spinach as the research object, changes in growth physiology, gene expression, and metabolites of spinach under nitrate stress by 0.15% FA application were investigated by analyzing physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. The results indicated that FA could alleviate the adverse impacts of nitrate stress on spinach growth and chlorophyll synthesis, inhibit the accumulation of ROS in leaves caused by nitrate stress, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity (REC). Omics analysis indicated that there were 5097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 100 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress and the control, 735 DEGs and 71 DEMs in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress combined with FA and nitrate stress alone, which jointly participated in biological processes such as ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, plant hormone signaling, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, and flavonoids. Changes of leaves in AsA and GSH contents, related enzyme activities, and hormone levels such as ABA further verified that FA relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach by adjusting the above biological processes, thereby improving nitrate tolerance.

{"title":"Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of fulvic acid relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by regulating multiple defense pathways","authors":"Kangning Han, Jin Zhang, Cheng Wang, Jianming Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current environment of agricultural production, abiotic stress caused by high nitrate is becoming more and more serious. Fulvic acid (FA), a plant growth regulator, acts a vital role in improving plant stress tolerance. However, specific impacts of FA on vegetables under nitrate stress have been less studied. This study focused on spinach as the research object, changes in growth physiology, gene expression, and metabolites of spinach under nitrate stress by 0.15% FA application were investigated by analyzing physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. The results indicated that FA could alleviate the adverse impacts of nitrate stress on spinach growth and chlorophyll synthesis, inhibit the accumulation of ROS in leaves caused by nitrate stress, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity (REC). Omics analysis indicated that there were 5097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 100 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress and the control, 735 DEGs and 71 DEMs in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress combined with FA and nitrate stress alone, which jointly participated in biological processes such as ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, plant hormone signaling, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, and flavonoids. Changes of leaves in AsA and GSH contents, related enzyme activities, and hormone levels such as ABA further verified that FA relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach by adjusting the above biological processes, thereby improving nitrate tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolomic insights on the response of winter wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight infection and inoculation with a biocontrol strain in open field

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100807

Samuele Risoli , Pascual García-Pérez , Giuseppe Quaratiello , Lorenzo Cotrozzi , Sabrina Sarrocco , Elisa Pellegrini , Cristina Nali , Giacomo Lorenzini , Luigi Lucini

Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a significant threat to wheat cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield and economic losses mainly due to mycotoxins contamination of grains. Developing new sustainable approaches to cope with FHB, such as using biocontrol agents (BCAs), is necessary to guarantee food safety and security worldwide. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics approach (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) was used to unveil the metabolic shifts in leaves and spikes of two cultivars of winter wheat, treated either with systemic agrochemicals (Syst; i.e., prochloraz and tetraconazole) or a BCA (Trichoderma gamsii T6085), and subsequently inoculated with a spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum and F. langsethiae. To this aim, Bingo and Rebelde winter wheat cultivars (more and less susceptible to FHB, respectively) were used under field conditions. The treatments with Syst and T6085 reduced FHB index by 55 and 64 %, on average, in Bingo and Rebelde, respectively. The multivariate analysis of metabolomic signatures revealed a dominant influence of the ‘cultivar’ factor, followed by ‘FHB’ and ‘treatment’. Supervised modeling (OPLS-DA) highlighted distinct metabolic differences between the cultivars, FHB infection, and treatment conditions. Pathway analysis indicated that nitrogen-containing compounds and terpenes played crucial roles in the response of the Bingo to the FHB-T6085 treatment, with different responses between leaves and spikes. Conversely, Rebelde spikes showed a significant up-modulation of the whole secondary metabolism following FHB-infection, especially in those previously inoculated with T6085. Our findings highlighted a complex response to FHB and BCA and unraveled the metabolic responses underlying the reduced susceptibility to FHB in Rebelde.

{"title":"Metabolomic insights on the response of winter wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight infection and inoculation with a biocontrol strain in open field","authors":"Samuele Risoli , Pascual García-Pérez , Giuseppe Quaratiello , Lorenzo Cotrozzi , Sabrina Sarrocco , Elisa Pellegrini , Cristina Nali , Giacomo Lorenzini , Luigi Lucini","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a significant threat to wheat cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield and economic losses mainly due to mycotoxins contamination of grains. Developing new sustainable approaches to cope with FHB, such as using biocontrol agents (BCAs), is necessary to guarantee food safety and security worldwide. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics approach (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) was used to unveil the metabolic shifts in leaves and spikes of two cultivars of winter wheat, treated either with systemic agrochemicals (Syst; i.e., prochloraz and tetraconazole) or a BCA (<em>Trichoderma gamsii</em> T6085), and subsequently inoculated with a spore suspension of <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> and <em>F. langsethiae</em>. To this aim, Bingo and Rebelde winter wheat cultivars (more and less susceptible to FHB, respectively) were used under field conditions. The treatments with Syst and T6085 reduced FHB index by 55 and 64 %, on average, in Bingo and Rebelde, respectively. The multivariate analysis of metabolomic signatures revealed a dominant influence of the ‘cultivar’ factor, followed by ‘FHB’ and ‘treatment’. Supervised modeling (OPLS-DA) highlighted distinct metabolic differences between the cultivars, FHB infection, and treatment conditions. Pathway analysis indicated that nitrogen-containing compounds and terpenes played crucial roles in the response of the Bingo to the FHB-T6085 treatment, with different responses between leaves and spikes. Conversely, Rebelde spikes showed a significant up-modulation of the whole secondary metabolism following FHB-infection, especially in those previously inoculated with T6085. Our findings highlighted a complex response to FHB and BCA and unraveled the metabolic responses underlying the reduced susceptibility to FHB in Rebelde.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0