Crop lodging, characterized by the bending or breaking of plant stems, poses a significant challenge to global food security by reducing crop yields and complicating harvesting processes. This review explores the factors influencing lodging susceptibility, including environmental conditions, genetic traits, fertilizer management, pathogens, and hormonal regulation. Recent advancements in maize research have uncovered critical genetic traits and elucidated the roles of key hormonal pathways—such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), auxin, and ethylene—in modulating stem elongation, tillering angles, and root system architecture. These pathways collectively shape crop architecture, with GA and SL contributing to stalk strength, and auxin and ethylene enhancing root development and plant stability. Concurrently, agronomic interventions, such as optimized planting density and nutrient management, have improved stem integrity and mitigated lodging risk. By integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic knowledge, researchers have made remarkable progress in developing maize varieties that resist lodging, enhancing crop resilience and yield stability under various environmental conditions. Future research should focus on unraveling the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying lodging resistance, addressing technical limitations in implementation, and advancing sustainable agricultural practices to secure global food production and ensure long-term productivity.
{"title":"Advancing lodging resistance in maize: Integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic insights for sustainable crop productivity","authors":"Shumila Ishfaq , Yi Ding , Xiaoyan Liang , Wei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop lodging, characterized by the bending or breaking of plant stems, poses a significant challenge to global food security by reducing crop yields and complicating harvesting processes. This review explores the factors influencing lodging susceptibility, including environmental conditions, genetic traits, fertilizer management, pathogens, and hormonal regulation. Recent advancements in maize research have uncovered critical genetic traits and elucidated the roles of key hormonal pathways—such as gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), auxin, and ethylene—in modulating stem elongation, tillering angles, and root system architecture. These pathways collectively shape crop architecture, with GA and SL contributing to stalk strength, and auxin and ethylene enhancing root development and plant stability. Concurrently, agronomic interventions, such as optimized planting density and nutrient management, have improved stem integrity and mitigated lodging risk. By integrating genetic, hormonal, and agronomic knowledge, researchers have made remarkable progress in developing maize varieties that resist lodging, enhancing crop resilience and yield stability under various environmental conditions. Future research should focus on unraveling the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying lodging resistance, addressing technical limitations in implementation, and advancing sustainable agricultural practices to secure global food production and ensure long-term productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100775
Keshav Gautam, Sonsoles Alonso, Alicia García, María Segura, Álvaro Benítez, Cecilia Martínez, Manuel Jamilena
Salinity is a major determinant of plant growth and crop productivity, resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture. Improving salinity tolerance in plant breeding programs requires not only donor tolerant genotypes but also a thorough knowledge of the genes controlling the trait. Taking advantage of two recently identified salinity-tolerant EMS mutants of squash (sal-1 and sal-2), this study aimed to analyse whether these two sources of salt tolerance are associated with similar transcriptomic changes in leaves. RNA sequencing revealed that the two mutants have a very distinct transcriptomic response to salt stress compared to the WT, with 154 and 1068 salt-tolerance-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sal-1 and sal-2, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the importance of several phytohormone biosynthesis, signalling and transport genes (CpAUX22B/22D, CpSAUR32–2, CpARR5/12, CpAHK2/3, CpBZR1, CpTCH4, CpNCED1, CpCYP707A1, CpPP2C, CpSnRK1/2, CpLOX2 and CpACX) in the salt tolerance response. MAPK genes (CpMPK3 and CpMEKK1) and the Ca²⁺ signalling network (CpCPK26/28/34, CpCML31/36/48, CpPBP1, CpCBL1 and CpRBOHD) were also specifically activated in salt-tolerant mutants, indicating their contribution to salt tolerance. Genes for antioxidant enzymes (PP2, POD, CAT, PRX, GST and GRX) and cell wall metabolism were also up-regulated in salt-tolerant mutants, reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the integrity of membranes and other cellular structures. Genes for ion transporters were significantly up-regulated in response to salt stress in sal-2, probably involved in maintaining ion homeostasis. Several genes encoding transcription factors of the ERF, C3H, Dof, HD-ZIP, MYB, HSF, NAC, knotted and WRKY families, as well as long non-coding RNA, were also found to positively or negatively regulate salt stress tolerance in the sal-1 and sal-2 mutants. Overall, the results highlight the complexity of the molecular response involved in salt stress tolerance in C. pepo and prioritise further investigation of specific genes that contribute to the resilience of crops under saline conditions.
{"title":"RNA-Seq-based analysis of transcriptomic signatures elicited by mutations conferring salt tolerance in Cucurbita pepo","authors":"Keshav Gautam, Sonsoles Alonso, Alicia García, María Segura, Álvaro Benítez, Cecilia Martínez, Manuel Jamilena","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity is a major determinant of plant growth and crop productivity, resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture. Improving salinity tolerance in plant breeding programs requires not only donor tolerant genotypes but also a thorough knowledge of the genes controlling the trait. Taking advantage of two recently identified salinity-tolerant EMS mutants of squash (<em>sal-1</em> and <em>sal-2</em>), this study aimed to analyse whether these two sources of salt tolerance are associated with similar transcriptomic changes in leaves. RNA sequencing revealed that the two mutants have a very distinct transcriptomic response to salt stress compared to the WT, with 154 and 1068 salt-tolerance-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in <em>sal-1</em> and <em>sal-2</em>, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the importance of several phytohormone biosynthesis, signalling and transport genes (<em>CpAUX22B/22D, CpSAUR32–2, CpARR5/12, CpAHK2/3, CpBZR1, CpTCH4, CpNCED1, CpCYP707A1, CpPP2C, CpSnRK1/2, CpLOX2</em> and <em>CpACX</em>) in the salt tolerance response. MAPK genes (<em>CpMPK3</em> and <em>CpMEKK1</em>) and the Ca²⁺ signalling network (<em>CpCPK26/28/34, CpCML31/36/48, CpPBP1, CpCBL1</em> and <em>CpRBOHD</em>) were also specifically activated in salt-tolerant mutants, indicating their contribution to salt tolerance. Genes for antioxidant enzymes (PP2, POD, CAT, PRX, GST and GRX) and cell wall metabolism were also up-regulated in salt-tolerant mutants, reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the integrity of membranes and other cellular structures. Genes for ion transporters were significantly up-regulated in response to salt stress in <em>sal-2</em>, probably involved in maintaining ion homeostasis. Several genes encoding transcription factors of the ERF, C3H, Dof, HD-ZIP, MYB, HSF, NAC, knotted and WRKY families, as well as long non-coding RNA, were also found to positively or negatively regulate salt stress tolerance in the <em>sal-1</em> and <em>sal-2</em> mutants. Overall, the results highlight the complexity of the molecular response involved in salt stress tolerance in <em>C. pepo</em> and prioritise further investigation of specific genes that contribute to the resilience of crops under saline conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100776
Haohan Zhao , Xiaoyu Huang , Yue Wang , Aiguo Zhu , Xiaofei Wang , Hanipa Hazaisi , Gang Gao , Li Jiang , Jikang Chen
Apocynum, exhibiting tolerance to severe salt stress, provides important materials for textile, medicine and biofuels. However, the underlying mechanism of Apocynum adapting to salt stresses remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological methods combined with bioinformatics tools were employed to insight the mechanism of Apocynum responding to salt stresses. Three representative species, A. hendersonii, A. venetum and tetraploid of A. venetum and NaCl treatments ranges from 50 mM to 400 mM were compared to reveal a comprehensive profile of the plants under salt stresses. As a crucial phenotypic characteristic for selecting plants that exhibit resilience to salinity and drought stress, the root-to-shoot ration of Apocynum was increased significantly while the growth of Apocynum was markedly inhibited as the degree of salt stress intensifying. The stomatal apertures on the leaf epidermis of Apocynum significantly narrowed in response to salt stress, and the chlorophyll content exhibited an overall declining trend. Salt stress notably elevated the Na+ and K+ content in the roots, stems, and leaves of Apocynum, with a significant decrease in the K+/Na+ ratio, while A. hendersonii showing the greatest change in this ratio. Phenotypic analysis indicated that A. hendersonii possessed the strongest salt tolerance among the species. ApHKT1, the highly conservative protein in the three species which primarily expressed in roots were hypothesized to adapt to salt stress by regulating the transportation of Na+ and K+. Although the content of Na+ and K+were increased in stem and leaf, there was no significant accumulation of Na+ and K+in root tissues. Expression pattern analysis found that ApHKT1 were significantly down-regulated under the rising salt stress in the root. These results suggested that Apocynum mainly take the strategy of reducing of ApHKT1 expression and the Na+/K+ intake to maintain the ion balance under salt stress.
{"title":"ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues","authors":"Haohan Zhao , Xiaoyu Huang , Yue Wang , Aiguo Zhu , Xiaofei Wang , Hanipa Hazaisi , Gang Gao , Li Jiang , Jikang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Apocynum</em>, exhibiting tolerance to severe salt stress, provides important materials for textile, medicine and biofuels. However, the underlying mechanism of <em>Apocynum</em> adapting to salt stresses remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological methods combined with bioinformatics tools were employed to insight the mechanism of <em>Apocynum</em> responding to salt stresses. Three representative species, <em>A. hendersonii, A. venetum</em> and tetraploid of <em>A. venetum</em> and NaCl treatments ranges from 50 mM to 400 mM were compared to reveal a comprehensive profile of the plants under salt stresses. As a crucial phenotypic characteristic for selecting plants that exhibit resilience to salinity and drought stress, the root-to-shoot ration of <em>Apocynum</em> was increased significantly while the growth of <em>Apocynum</em> was markedly inhibited as the degree of salt stress intensifying. The stomatal apertures on the leaf epidermis of <em>Apocynum</em> significantly narrowed in response to salt stress, and the chlorophyll content exhibited an overall declining trend. Salt stress notably elevated the Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> content in the roots, stems, and leaves of <em>Apocynum</em>, with a significant decrease in the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio, while <em>A. hendersonii</em> showing the greatest change in this ratio. Phenotypic analysis indicated that <em>A. hendersonii</em> possessed the strongest salt tolerance among the species. ApHKT1, the highly conservative protein in the three species which primarily expressed in roots were hypothesized to adapt to salt stress by regulating the transportation of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>. Although the content of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>were increased in stem and leaf, there was no significant accumulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>in root tissues. Expression pattern analysis found that <em>ApHKT1</em> were significantly down-regulated under the rising salt stress in the root. These results suggested that <em>Apocynum</em> mainly take the strategy of reducing of <em>ApHKT1</em> expression and the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> intake to maintain the ion balance under salt stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100772
Songguo Wu , Yuzhang Chen , Jianguo Li , Chunli Fu , Xiaoying Luo , Jingzhen Wang , Xincheng Wan , Ke Huang , Hailian Zhou , Guosheng Xie , Zhengdan Wu , Lingqiang Wang
Cold can be a tough challenge for rice cultivation, impacting its growth and overall productivity. The Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger (ZF) genes are essential for plants’ responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 99 OsC2H2 genes within the Oryza sativa japonica genome, detailing their gene structure, conserved C2H2-ZF domains, and motif compositions for the first time. We also examined the temporal expression patterns of these genes under cold, heat, drought, flooding, and salt stress. Interestingly, we found that OsC2H2.35 was upregulated during cold stress, and CRISPR/Cas9 editing of this gene enhances rice cold tolerance in seedlings. RNA-seq results showed that OsC2H2.35 negatively regulates several COR genes, including DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORS 1s (OsDREB1A, OsDREB1B, and OsDREB1C). Specifically, OsC2H2.35 can directly bind to the promoters of OsDREB1A and OsDREB1C. Osc2h2.35 greatly enhances cold tolerance while preserving all essential agronomic traits, making it a valuable gene target for the genetic improvement of rice.
{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein family in rice (Oryza sativa) and the role of OsC2H2.35 in cold stress response","authors":"Songguo Wu , Yuzhang Chen , Jianguo Li , Chunli Fu , Xiaoying Luo , Jingzhen Wang , Xincheng Wan , Ke Huang , Hailian Zhou , Guosheng Xie , Zhengdan Wu , Lingqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold can be a tough challenge for rice cultivation, impacting its growth and overall productivity. The Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger (ZF) genes are essential for plants’ responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 99 <em>OsC2H2</em> genes within the <em>Oryza sativa japonica</em> genome, detailing their gene structure, conserved C2H2-ZF domains, and motif compositions for the first time. We also examined the temporal expression patterns of these genes under cold, heat, drought, flooding, and salt stress. Interestingly, we found that <em>OsC2H2.35</em> was upregulated during cold stress, and CRISPR/Cas9 editing of this gene enhances rice cold tolerance in seedlings. RNA-seq results showed that OsC2H2.35 negatively regulates several <em>COR</em> genes, including <em>DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORS 1</em> <em>s</em> (<em>OsDREB1A, OsDREB1B</em>, and <em>OsDREB1C</em>). Specifically, OsC2H2.35 can directly bind to the promoters of <em>OsDREB1A</em> and <em>OsDREB1C. Osc2h2.35</em> greatly enhances cold tolerance while preserving all essential agronomic traits, making it a valuable gene target for the genetic improvement of rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth, yet its limited availability challenges crop development. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) from plant sources are biostimulants that can enhance nutrient use efficiency and stress tolerance in crops, although their mode of action, depending on the botanical origin and the molecular fraction, is largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular effects of a Malvaceae-based pH (C) and its medium molecular weight fraction (F2) on tomato plants under optimal and suboptimal N conditions. Plants were foliarly-treated with C, F2, or left untreated, and analysed using integrated omics techniques. Under optimal N conditions, C upregulated genes associated with photosynthesis, aging, and abiotic stress responses, suggesting enhanced metabolism and resilience. Both C and F2 modulated genes involved in hormone signalling, particularly auxin and cytokinin, and Circadian rhythm pathways. Under suboptimal N, C influenced hormone signalling and light response genes, potentially alleviating N deficiency stress. Metabolomic analysis showed that under low N, C increased fatty acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds linked to stress protection, while F2 had a milder effect. Multi-omics analysis showed that C impacted N metabolism upregulating nitrate transporters (NRT1) and promoting metabolic reprogramming, whereas F2 primarily influenced hormonal signalling and Circadian rhythm. Overall, C might be more effective than F2 in optimizing N use efficiency. Our study demonstrates that Malvaceae-based PHs can modulate gene expression and metabolism in tomato plants under suboptimal N level, enhancing adaptation to N shortage. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mode of action of PHs in N metabolism.
{"title":"The integrated multi-omics analysis unravels distinct roles of Malvaceae-derived protein hydrolysate and its molecular fraction in modulating tomato resilience under limited nitrogen availability","authors":"Sonia Monterisi , Monica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga , Biancamaria Senizza , Mariateresa Cardarelli , Youssef Rouphael , Giuseppe Colla , Luigi Lucini , Stefano Cesco , Youry Pii","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth, yet its limited availability challenges crop development. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) from plant sources are biostimulants that can enhance nutrient use efficiency and stress tolerance in crops, although their mode of action, depending on the botanical origin and the molecular fraction, is largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular effects of a <em>Malvaceae</em>-based pH (C) and its medium molecular weight fraction (F2) on tomato plants under optimal and suboptimal N conditions. Plants were foliarly-treated with C, F2, or left untreated, and analysed using integrated omics techniques. Under optimal N conditions, C upregulated genes associated with photosynthesis, aging, and abiotic stress responses, suggesting enhanced metabolism and resilience. Both C and F2 modulated genes involved in hormone signalling, particularly auxin and cytokinin, and <em>Circadian rhythm</em> pathways. Under suboptimal N, C influenced hormone signalling and light response genes, potentially alleviating N deficiency stress. Metabolomic analysis showed that under low N, C increased fatty acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds linked to stress protection, while F2 had a milder effect. Multi-omics analysis showed that C impacted N metabolism upregulating nitrate transporters (NRT1) and promoting metabolic reprogramming, whereas F2 primarily influenced hormonal signalling and <em>Circadian rhythm</em>. Overall, C might be more effective than F2 in optimizing N use efficiency. Our study demonstrates that <em>Malvaceae</em>-based PHs can modulate gene expression and metabolism in tomato plants under suboptimal N level, enhancing adaptation to N shortage. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mode of action of PHs in N metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100774
Huan-huan Zhao , Ran Du , Ya-lei Han , Zhao-hui Yang , Xiang Qiu , Yu-qi Li , Jian-guo Zhang , Zhi-wei Cheng
Glycyrrhiza glabra L., a commercially important licorices species, is rich in flavonoids with significant medicinal properties. Phytohormone jasmonates play a pivotal role in modulating flavonoid biosynthesis, though their specific impact on distinct flavonoid subclasses in G. glabra remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on flavonoid biosynthesis in G.glabra hairy roots using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. MeJA treatment significantly upregulated key enzymes and transcription factors involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, leading to increased levels of specific flavonoids such as 8-prenylnaringenin. Conversely, SHAM treatment downregulated these genes and reduced flavonoid content. Notably, GurMYB04 emerged as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis, showing contrasting expression patterns under MeJA and SHAM treatments. These findings highlight the divergent role of jasmonate signaling in flavonoid biosynthesis and provide insights for targeted metabolic engineering in G. glabra.
{"title":"Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylhydroxamic acid on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. hairy roots","authors":"Huan-huan Zhao , Ran Du , Ya-lei Han , Zhao-hui Yang , Xiang Qiu , Yu-qi Li , Jian-guo Zhang , Zhi-wei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> L., a commercially important licorices species, is rich in flavonoids with significant medicinal properties. Phytohormone jasmonates play a pivotal role in modulating flavonoid biosynthesis, though their specific impact on distinct flavonoid subclasses in <em>G. glabra</em> remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on flavonoid biosynthesis in <em>G.glabra</em> hairy roots using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. MeJA treatment significantly upregulated key enzymes and transcription factors involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, leading to increased levels of specific flavonoids such as 8-prenylnaringenin. Conversely, SHAM treatment downregulated these genes and reduced flavonoid content. Notably, <em>GurMYB04</em> emerged as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis, showing contrasting expression patterns under MeJA and SHAM treatments. These findings highlight the divergent role of jasmonate signaling in flavonoid biosynthesis and provide insights for targeted metabolic engineering in <em>G. glabra</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High night temperature (HNT) stress disrupts key physiological processes like respiration, assimilate partitioning, and grain filling, challenging crop production. While the impact of HNT on grain growth and yield is known, the role of sink strength and starch biosynthesis in inferior or superior spikelets, as well as the effects of temporal variations on assimilate distribution, remain underexplored. We hypothesized that a tolerant genotype reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress by enhancing sink strength and starch biosynthesis, with the second half of the night playing a critical role in these processes. Two rice genotypes, Nagina 22 (HNT-tolerant) and Vandana (HNT-sensitive), were subjected to HNT (4 °C above the control) from anthesis to physiological maturity. Assimilate movement and sink enzyme activity were investigated during peak grain-filling. Results revealed differential 14C partitioning to starch synthesis in spikelets, with superior spikelets maintaining higher synthesis rates under HNT. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities (up to 63 % in inferior spikelets), while Nagina 22 exhibited increased sucrose synthase (up to 2.7-fold) and AGPase (up to 31 %) activities in inferior spikelets. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced starch and sugar levels, while Nagina 22 maintained or increased starch content and exhibited varied sugar responses. Overall, our results confirm that Nagina 22 reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress, driven by enhanced sink strength and starch biosynthesis in the second half of the night. This highlights a novel dimension for developing rice genotypes with improved resilience to HNT, ensuring stable yield under changing climate.
{"title":"Reprogramming assimilate partitioning in the second half of the night supports grain filling in inferior spikelets under high night temperature stress in rice","authors":"Nitin Sharma , Dinesh Kumar Saini , Suchitra Pushkar , Impa Somayanda , S.V. Krishna Jagadish , Anjali Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High night temperature (HNT) stress disrupts key physiological processes like respiration, assimilate partitioning, and grain filling, challenging crop production. While the impact of HNT on grain growth and yield is known, the role of sink strength and starch biosynthesis in inferior or superior spikelets, as well as the effects of temporal variations on assimilate distribution, remain underexplored. We hypothesized that a tolerant genotype reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress by enhancing sink strength and starch biosynthesis, with the second half of the night playing a critical role in these processes. Two rice genotypes, Nagina 22 (HNT-tolerant) and Vandana (HNT-sensitive), were subjected to HNT (4 °C above the control) from anthesis to physiological maturity. Assimilate movement and sink enzyme activity were investigated during peak grain-filling. Results revealed differential <sup>14</sup>C partitioning to starch synthesis in spikelets, with superior spikelets maintaining higher synthesis rates under HNT. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities (up to 63 % in inferior spikelets), while Nagina 22 exhibited increased sucrose synthase (up to 2.7-fold) and AGPase (up to 31 %) activities in inferior spikelets. Under HNT, Vandana showed reduced starch and sugar levels, while Nagina 22 maintained or increased starch content and exhibited varied sugar responses. Overall, our results confirm that Nagina 22 reallocates sugars to inferior spikelets under HNT stress, driven by enhanced sink strength and starch biosynthesis in the second half of the night. This highlights a novel dimension for developing rice genotypes with improved resilience to HNT, ensuring stable yield under changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100768
Himanshu V. Patankar, Yasha Zhang, Naganand Rayapuram, Luis F. Rivera, Rod A. Wing, Ikram Blilou
Arak (Salvadora persica L.) is known as a toothbrush tree for its medicinal benefits for oral health and its antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant has a remarkable ability to tolerate abiotic stress, especially drought and high salinity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance are yet to be determined. In this study, we show that salinity tolerance in the Arak plant is mediated by the ability of its roots to maintain a Na+/K+ balance when subjected to high salinity. Our proteome analysis of Arak leaves found an accumulation of proteins involved in energy metabolism pathways, indicating that Arak leaves maintain their energy-driving mechanisms under salinity stress conditions. While in roots the proteins involved in ROS scavenging and stress-related pathways were significantly differentially expressed. This suggests that the roots act as a first barrier to alleviating salinity-induced oxidative stress. Our study identifies key proteins and pathways that could have biotechnological importance and could be translated to crop species to improve their abiotic stress tolerance capacities.
{"title":"Quantitative proteomics reveals an enhanced antioxidant potential coupled with sustained energy-driving pathways as key to salt adaptation in Arak plant (Salvadora persica L.)","authors":"Himanshu V. Patankar, Yasha Zhang, Naganand Rayapuram, Luis F. Rivera, Rod A. Wing, Ikram Blilou","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arak (<em>Salvadora persica</em> L.) is known as a toothbrush tree for its medicinal benefits for oral health and its antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant has a remarkable ability to tolerate abiotic stress, especially drought and high salinity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance are yet to be determined. In this study, we show that salinity tolerance in the Arak plant is mediated by the ability of its roots to maintain a Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> balance when subjected to high salinity. Our proteome analysis of Arak leaves found an accumulation of proteins involved in energy metabolism pathways, indicating that Arak leaves maintain their energy-driving mechanisms under salinity stress conditions. While in roots the proteins involved in ROS scavenging and stress-related pathways were significantly differentially expressed. This suggests that the roots act as a first barrier to alleviating salinity-induced oxidative stress. Our study identifies key proteins and pathways that could have biotechnological importance and could be translated to crop species to improve their abiotic stress tolerance capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.100770
Eva Kollárová , Anežka Baquero Forero , Ali Burak Yildiz , Helena Kočová , Viktor Žárský , Fatima Cvrčková
The family of formins, evolutionarily conserved multidomain proteins engaged in the control of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton organization, exhibits considerable diversity in plants. Angiosperms have two formin clades consisting of multiple paralogs, Class I and Class II, the former being often transmembrane proteins located at the plasmalemma or endomembranes. According to available transcriptome data, the Arabidopsis thaliana Class I transmembrane formin AtFH5 (At5g54650) exhibits a distinct pattern of transcript abundance in various seedling root tissues with massive increase of transcript level upon salinity stress. To examine a possible role of AtFH5 in NaCl stress response, we generated transgenic plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AtFH5 under its native promoter and characterized its tissue and intracellular localization under standard culture conditions and under NaCl stress. While we confirmed the induction of AtFH5 expression by salt treatment, the distribution of tagged protein, with maxima in the border-like cells of the root cap, in the phloem and at lateral root emergence sites, did not reflect previously reported transcript abundance, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Subcellular localization studies employing also membrane trafficking inhibitors suggested that AtFH5 protein level may be modulated by endocytosis and autophagy. Notably, loss-of-function atfh5 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl stress, indicating that AtFH5 contributes to the development of seedling salt tolerance. These findings highlight the functional importance of AtFH5 in abiotic stress responses.
{"title":"The Arabidopsis Class I formin AtFH5 contributes to seedling resistance to salt stress","authors":"Eva Kollárová , Anežka Baquero Forero , Ali Burak Yildiz , Helena Kočová , Viktor Žárský , Fatima Cvrčková","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The family of formins, evolutionarily conserved multidomain proteins engaged in the control of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton organization, exhibits considerable diversity in plants. Angiosperms have two formin clades consisting of multiple paralogs, Class I and Class II, the former being often transmembrane proteins located at the plasmalemma or endomembranes. According to available transcriptome data, the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Class I transmembrane formin AtFH5 (At5g54650) exhibits a distinct pattern of transcript abundance in various seedling root tissues with massive increase of transcript level upon salinity stress. To examine a possible role of AtFH5 in NaCl stress response, we generated transgenic plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AtFH5 under its native promoter and characterized its tissue and intracellular localization under standard culture conditions and under NaCl stress. While we confirmed the induction of AtFH5 expression by salt treatment, the distribution of tagged protein, with maxima in the border-like cells of the root cap, in the phloem and at lateral root emergence sites, did not reflect previously reported transcript abundance, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Subcellular localization studies employing also membrane trafficking inhibitors suggested that AtFH5 protein level may be modulated by endocytosis and autophagy. Notably, loss-of-function <em>atfh5</em> mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl stress, indicating that AtFH5 contributes to the development of seedling salt tolerance. These findings highlight the functional importance of AtFH5 in abiotic stress responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is the main factor limiting cereal production in the Mediterranean basin and Climate Change will exacerbate its effects. Among the strategies to mitigate Climate Change impact on cereal production, we highlight the development of drought-resilient crops better adapted to future extreme conditions, either by i) using heritage germplasm (e.g., landraces) or ii) developing novel species (e.g., crop hybrids). Our study aimed to identify key functional traits and stress-tolerant germplasm to contribute to designing drought-resilient crops under future Mediterranean climatic conditions. For that, we conducted an innovative approach combining a late-sowing field trial with two contrasting water regimes to simulate future extreme drought conditions, the use of high-throughput phenotyping devices and an infrared gas analyser to characterise leaf and ear photosynthesis, biochemistry, growth, and stress responses during the reproductive stage, and a novel linear mixed-effects model to integrate these results with final agronomical data. Modern durum wheat and barley, barley landraces and tritordeum varieties were grown and evaluated as individual plants. Our results identified barley landrace SBCC010 and tritordeum Coique as promising resilient germplasm. These genotypes showed a grain set maintenance and a higher allocation of resources to the ears compared to modern varieties, higher leaf and ear greenness, and ear photosynthesis and thermostability during the reproductive stage, particularly under stress conditions. We conclude the necessity of including ear photosynthesis in the breeding programs relying on adaptive germplasm as barley landraces and novel cereal hybrids as tritordeum to design drought-resilient cereals for future extreme Mediterranean environments.
{"title":"Tritordeum, barley landraces and ear photosynthesis are key players in cereal resilience under future extreme drought conditions","authors":"Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso , Aitor Agirresarobe , Artūrs Katamadze , Giulia Burini , Omar Vergara-Díaz , Mariana Mota , Cristina Oliveira , Usue Pérez-López , Rubén Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is the main factor limiting cereal production in the Mediterranean basin and Climate Change will exacerbate its effects. Among the strategies to mitigate Climate Change impact on cereal production, we highlight the development of drought-resilient crops better adapted to future extreme conditions, either by i) using heritage germplasm (e.g., landraces) or ii) developing novel species (e.g., crop hybrids). Our study aimed to identify key functional traits and stress-tolerant germplasm to contribute to designing drought-resilient crops under future Mediterranean climatic conditions. For that, we conducted an innovative approach combining a late-sowing field trial with two contrasting water regimes to simulate future extreme drought conditions, the use of high-throughput phenotyping devices and an infrared gas analyser to characterise leaf and ear photosynthesis, biochemistry, growth, and stress responses during the reproductive stage, and a novel linear mixed-effects model to integrate these results with final agronomical data. Modern durum wheat and barley, barley landraces and tritordeum varieties were grown and evaluated as individual plants. Our results identified barley landrace SBCC010 and tritordeum Coique as promising resilient germplasm. These genotypes showed a grain set maintenance and a higher allocation of resources to the ears compared to modern varieties, higher leaf and ear greenness, and ear photosynthesis and thermostability during the reproductive stage, particularly under stress conditions. We conclude the necessity of including ear photosynthesis in the breeding programs relying on adaptive germplasm as barley landraces and novel cereal hybrids as tritordeum to design drought-resilient cereals for future extreme Mediterranean environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号