Plant Stress最新文献

{"title":"Mitigation of Pb stress in Scrophularia striata Boiss. by the enhancing phenylethanoid glycoside biosynthesis","authors":"Reyhaneh Danaeipour ,&nbsp;Mohsen Sharifi ,&nbsp;Azam Noori","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) exposure induces oxidative stress in plants, altering the biosynthesis pathways to produce specialized metabolites. This strategy contributes to plants' ability to relieve Pb-induced oxidative stress. This study investigates the role of secondary metabolites, with particular emphasis on phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), i.e., acteoside and echinacoside, to counterattack Pb-induced oxidative stress in <em>Scrophularia striata</em> Boiss. To investigate the impact of Pb exposure on the biosynthesis of metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway, plants were subjected to 250 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ Pb (NO₃)₂ for 24, 48, and 72 h in a hydroponic culture system. Stimulation of total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol production by Pb treatment was associated with up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (<em>PAL</em>), coumarate CoA ligase (<em>4CL</em>), and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (<em>C3H</em>) genes. The profile of phenolic compounds changed in response to Pb exposure compared to the control, depending on organs and time exposure. The increased expression levels of the <em>4CL</em> gene are associated with a decrease in its substrates, i.e., caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids. These phenolic acids are the precursors of more complex end products. Rosmarinic acid showed a significant decrease in plants under Pb stress compared to untreated plants. The concentration of acteoside and echinacoside increased at all treatment times. Compound profiles changed toward metabolites with higher antioxidant activity. The production of PhGs, particularly acteoside with higher antioxidant activity, increased compared with the other metabolites in response to Pb stress. This study showed that <em>S. striata</em> adjusts the phenylpropanoid pathway toward increasing the antioxidant power of the plant and tries to reduce the Pb-induced oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, physiological and biochemical responses of Pinus tabulaeformis to the infestation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus","authors":"Yijing Wang ,&nbsp;Debin Li ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Lu ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Wang ,&nbsp;Hongna Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pine wilt disease, a quarantine forest disease caused by <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>, has brought huge threats to the forest ecosystems worldwide. The disease system is relatively complex, involving multiple factors such as nematodes, pine trees, and the environment. Its pathogenic mechanism and the disease-resistant mechanism of plants have not been fully elucidated yet. <em>Pinus tabulaeformis</em> is a key forest tree species with significant ecological importance. However, the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms of <em>P. tabulaeformis</em> to pine wilt disease are still not clear at present. Therefore, in this study, three-year-old potted seedlings of <em>P. tabulaeformis</em> were used as the research materials. For each treatment (control and nematode inoculation), a total of 9 potted seedlings with uniform growth were selected, with 3 pots for observing symptoms, 3 pots for measuring physiological and biochemical parameters, and 3 pots kept as spares. The growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the needles of <em>P. tabulaeformis</em> after inoculation with <em>B. xylophilus</em> were observed and measured. The results demonstrated that in comparison with the control group, nematode inoculation caused the content of chlorophyll a + b in the needles of <em>P. tabulaeformis</em> increased by 20.1 % at 1 day post inoculation (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), but decreased by 4.8 % (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), 24.1 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), 52.9 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and 48.9 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) at 3, 7, 15, and 30 days post inoculation (dpi), respectively. Meanwhile, nematode inoculation led to the withering and yellowing of some needles during the later stage of inoculation. Besides, nematode infestation causes a significant increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) by 12.9 % at 30 dpi (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the production rate of superoxide anion radicals (O₂^˙¯) increased by 55.3 % at 7 dpi (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) under nematode infestation, followed by a 30.2 % significant reduction at 30 dpi (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, <em>B. xylophilus</em> inoculation resulted in a reduction in catalase (CAT) activity and total phenolic content while inducing a higher level of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These findings demonstrate that nematode infestation causes certain harm to pine trees, but some disease-resistant substances within the pine trees will also be activated to resist the invasion of pine wood nematode. The results obtained from this research will lay a foundation for further understanding the disease resistance mechanism of pine wilt disease as well as its prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal rooting substrates and hormonal regulation via a multi-omics analysis during Vitis davidii cutting rooting","authors":"Ting Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingzhu Wei ,&nbsp;Jiang Xiang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu ,&nbsp;Jianhui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spine grapes (<em>Vitis davidii</em> Foex), a typical wild grape species native to China, is primarily propagated through cutting. However, successful rooting remains a significant challenge in production. Thus, one aim of this study is to identify an optimal substrate for rooting of <em>V.davidii</em> cuttings and explore the hormonal regulation under the rooting process. Among 13 substrates tested, T12 (perlite) produced the highest rooting rate (90%) and a 100% callus formation rate, followed by T1 (rice husk biochar + coarse river sand 1:1) and T2 (rice husk biochar + perlite 1:1). Rooting materials with large, hard particles, such as perlite and coarse river sand, improved rooting. Electron microscopy showed that <em>V. davidii</em> exhibited mixed-type rooting, and there was no direct relationship between callus formation and rooting success. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that significant differences in auxin and cytokinin were observed between P1 vs P2, suggesting their important roles in bud germination and leaf expansion. Salicylic acid (SA) was essential for callus and root formation, while jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellins (GA) were more closely associated with direct rooting of cuttings rather than callus formation. Integrated Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses screened 17 crucial hormone regulatory transcription factors during rooting in cuttings. Among these, ARR18 and RR26 were mainly expressed at the P1 stage, while TIFY6B was predominant in P2, and GAI1 was highly active in the P1 and P4 stages. Remarkably, TIFY10A expression was 2.93 times higher in P3 and P4 compared to P1 and P2 and was highly correlated with various hormones. TIFY10A expression increased sharply under exogenous JA treatment and exhibited tissue-specificity. These findings suggest an important role of TIFY10A in the rooting process of grape <em>V. davidii</em> cuttings, particularly in callus and adventitious root formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ca2+ signaling inhibition on cold acclimation in winter rapeseed","authors":"Xiaoyun Dong ,&nbsp;Jinxiong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaping Wei ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Zefeng Wu ,&nbsp;Junmei Cui ,&nbsp;Xuezhen Yang ,&nbsp;Baojin Li ,&nbsp;Shujun Zhu ,&nbsp;Ermei Sa ,&nbsp;Fengpeng Yang ,&nbsp;Zigang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Winter rapeseed bolting is a highly nutritious and health-beneficial vegetable. It is also one of the earliest harvested leafy greens in northern China, providing an important source of fresh produce in the early spring. However, freezing during overwintering the most severe challenge to its production. In this study, we focused on the effects of Ca²⁺ influx inhibitors (EGTA, La³⁺, Gd³⁺, and RuR) on the cold adaptation of winter rapeseed. Our results demonstrate that cold treatment at 4 °C and -4 °C significantly enhanced <em>proBrAFP1</em> activity and upregulated the expression of cold-responsive genes, including <em>CNGC, CDPK, OST1, ICE1</em>, and <em>CBFs</em>, in both winter rapeseed and transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em>. However, Inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx reduces <em>proBrAFP1</em> activity in stems and leaves of transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> lines. Additionally, Ca²⁺ suppression altered hormone levels, with elevated ABA and SA contents, while IAA, GA3, and ZT were reduced. Furthermore, the study revealed that Ca²⁺ inhibition exacerbated oxidative stress. Ca²⁺ chelation also compromised membrane integrity, with increased electrolyte leakage and MDA content. Notably, some inhibitors, such as Gd³⁺ and RuR, mitigated ROS accumulation and membrane injury to a certain extent. Overall, These findings provide valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance cold tolerance in rapeseed bolting production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lime-induced iron deficiency stimulates a stronger response in tolerant grapevine rootstocks compared to low iron availability","authors":"Sarhan Khalil ,&nbsp;Rebeka Strah ,&nbsp;Arianna Lodovici ,&nbsp;Petr Vojta ,&nbsp;Jörg Ziegler ,&nbsp;Maruša Pompe Novak ,&nbsp;Laura Zanin ,&nbsp;Nicola Tomasi ,&nbsp;Astrid Forneck ,&nbsp;Michaela Griesser","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) is abundant in soil, but its bioavailability can be limited by environmental factors, negatively impacting plant growth and productivity. While root mechanisms for enhancing Fe uptake are well-studied in some model plants, the responses of tolerant and susceptible grapevine rootstocks to low Fe availability remain poorly understood. This study examined the responses of two grapevine rootstocks, Fercal (tolerant) and 3309C (susceptible), to three Fe conditions: direct Fe deficiency (−Fe), induced Fe deficiency through the addition of bicarbonate (+Fe+BIC), and control (+Fe). Our main findings include: 1) more severe leaf symptoms in 3309C than in Fercal independent of the type of stress, 2) overall growth reduction due to direct Fe deficiency (−Fe), while under induced Fe deficiency (+Fe+BIC) Fercal strongly increased root biomass. This observation is supported by the increased expression of root-development related genes <em>VviSAUR66</em> and <em>VviZAT6,</em> 3) enhanced organic acid contents under induced Fe deficiency (+Fe+BIC) and different organic acids profiles depending on applied stress and genotype, and 4) stronger modulation of gene expression in Fercal root tips, including enhanced expression of Fe mobilization and transport genes (<em>VviOPT3, VviIREG3, VviZIF1</em>). Overall, bicarbonate-induced Fe deficiency (+Fe+BIC) had greater negative effects than direct Fe deficiency (−Fe), with Fercal showing a higher adaptive capability to maintain Fe homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early stress detection in forest trees using a nanobody-functionalized electrochemical biosensor for ascorbate peroxidase","authors":"Claudia D'Ercole ,&nbsp;Rossella Svigelj ,&nbsp;Tanja Mrak ,&nbsp;Ario de Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest environments are exposed to multiple stressful factors of both abiotic and biotic nature such as heavy metal contamination, drought, or pest infestations which may lead to their massive decline. We designed a comprehensive approach for isolating, producing and functionalizing reagents suitable for the affordable detection of forest plant stress biomarkers with the aim to provide quantitative data to assess plant stress fluctuation and, possibly, to design mitigation strategies. We first optimized a panning protocol to recover nanobodies targeting shared sequences that could cross-react with both <em>Pisum sativum</em> and <em>Populus nigra</em> ascorbate peroxidase (APX). After their production as recombinant constructs and their extensive biophysical and biochemical characterization, such reagents were exploited as the immunocapture element of an electrochemical biosensor conceived as a potential point-of-care device. Such biosensor could detect both pea and poplar APX in leaf extracts and could be used to clearly discriminate between control and heavy metal-stressed poplar plants based on their APX activity, even before the appearance of any phenotypic symptom. The combination of fast and inexpensive reagent production with the development of portable diagnostics opens the opportunity for large-scale, on-site surveys of forest trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of melatonin on Brassica juncea and Alternaria brassicae reduce pathogenicity of the fungus and alleviate damage to plants","authors":"Anchal Garg ,&nbsp;Sujit Shah ,&nbsp;Tirth Bhargav Bhai Patel ,&nbsp;Vibhav Gautam ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brassica juncea</em> (Indian mustard) is a vital oil seed crop in India and is grown worldwide for oil and food requirements. <em>Alternaria brassicae</em> is a major threat to <em>B. juncea</em> quality and productivity causing worldwide crop loss. In this work, it was observed that exogenous melatonin (MT) at 200 µM concentration was proven to be well effective against <em>A. brassicae,</em> which reduced disease consequences up to 75 %, attributed to significant reduction of necrotic lesions, delayed onset infection, and improved plant defence by enhancing chlorophyll and proline content, maintaining water retention and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, biochemical assays, such as reduced oxidative damage, as evidenced by diminished levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, clearly showed the antifungal effect of MT on Alternaria. This study represents a new insight into the potential role as sustainable antifungal compound. Furthermore, HRMS metabolite profiling of <em>A. brassicae</em> cultured with MT revealed altered fungal metabolite profiles, including increased production of known antifungal compounds, suggesting that MT disrupts fungal metabolism and reduces its pathogenicity. In contrast, a decrease in the levels of antioxidant and indole derivatives in fungal extracts indicated weaker fungal defenses. The major aim of the study to provide evidence for the curative potential of MT as an effective antifungal molecule against <em>A. brassicae</em> in <em>B. juncea</em> that would be beneficial to agricultural improvement and an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Development and Its Interaction with Phyllospheric Microorganisms: Impacts on Plant Stress Responses","authors":"Huanhuan Yang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Mei Ma,&nbsp;Zilong Tan,&nbsp;Kaiyue Zhang,&nbsp;Ruiqi Sun,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhan,&nbsp;Dayong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf development is regulated by intricately genetic and hormonal networks, which are further modulated by environmental inputs. This study provides a detailed review of the morphogenesis and molecular processes involved in leaf development and contrast the distinct pathways in monocotyledons and dicotyledons. We focus on the initiation patterns and venation architectures, as well as the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these developmental processes. We analyze the interactions between these microorganisms and host plants, emphasizing their influence on nutrient cycling, hormonal balance, and plant health. The research systematically evaluates the effects of several environmental stresses, salt, drought, temperature extremes, and heavy metal exposure on leaf development and phyllospheric microbial communities. These stresses induce specific adaptive morphological and physiological responses in leaves, such as modifications in leaf size, thickness, venation, and surface characteristics, which are crucial for plant survival and efficiency. Our findings elucidate the dynamic interactions between plants and phyllospheric microorganisms, highlighting their essential roles in enhancing plant resilience to environmental stresses. This study not only advances our understanding of leaf development and plant-microbe interactions but also provides insights into potential agricultural applications where microbial management could enhance crop tolerance and production under environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic understanding of GABA and trehalose in modulating plant response to drought stress","authors":"Ambika Choudhary ,&nbsp;Eugenie Nepovimova ,&nbsp;Vishnu D. Rajput ,&nbsp;Tabarak Malik ,&nbsp;Monika Choudhary ,&nbsp;Nidhi Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Lukas Peter ,&nbsp;Sunil Puri ,&nbsp;Neetika Kimta","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is one of the most critical environmental factors that hinders plant growth, productivity, and survival worldwide. This review presents the detrimental effects of drought stress on plant growth, its development, and key physical, physiological, and biochemical traits. It is also reviewing effective strategies related to drought management to alleviate these impacts. In fact, plants employ various physiological and biochemical mechanisms to counteract drought stress, with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and trehalose emerging as significant masters of drought tolerance. GABA is an amino acid that isn't found in proteins. It is an important osmoprotectant, antioxidant, and signaling molecule that changes how stress-responsive pathways work. It enhances photosynthetic efficiency, regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stabilizes cellular structures. Similarly, trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, acts as a crucial osmolyte, protecting plants from dehydration by stabilizing proteins and membranes, decreasing oxidative damage, and enhancing metabolic efficiency. Both molecules play essential roles in stress-related gene regulation, scavenging of ROS, and maintaining homeostasis of cellular environment under drought conditions. Lastly, reviews also highlight the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and metabolism of GABA and trehalose, emphasizing their potential applications in improving drought resilience in crops through genetic modification and exogenous application. Furthermore, it underscores their value of these two components in helping plants withstand harsh environmental challenges and lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stress, i.e., drought stress. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights for enhancing plant performance in water-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RXLR effector SFI5 of Phytophthora infestans suppress MAMP-triggered immunity via inhibition of NbPHB1 in Nicotiana benthamiana","authors":"Habiba ,&nbsp;Jian Mu ,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoning Dou ,&nbsp;Dongmei Liao ,&nbsp;Huiling Dai ,&nbsp;Min Tan ,&nbsp;Chuheng Lin ,&nbsp;Sehrish Akbar ,&nbsp;Stephen Redenti ,&nbsp;Ying Miao ,&nbsp;Xiangzi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are continuously challenged by pathogenic threats, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, across all stages of their growth and development. To combat these, plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system, with MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI) serving as an important early defense mechanism. The causative agent of late blight, <em>Phytophthora infestans</em>, secretes effector proteins such as SFI5 that suppress host immune responses, resulting in severe damage. This study explores the role of SFI5 in modulating MTI in host plants. Bioinformatics research revealed a conserved ATP/GTP-binding motif in the N-terminal domain of SFI5, with Lys82 being critical for effector function. Lys82 mutation lowered SFI5′s capacity to suppress flg22- triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium bursts in tomato protoplasts, but it had no effect on its interaction with calmodulin-binding proteins or kinase activity. In vitro assays confirmed that SFI5 exhibits GTPase activity, unaffected by the Lys82 mutation or the presence of calmodulin. Pull-down assays combined with protein spectrum analysis revealed <em>NbPHB1</em>, a positive regulator of MTI, as a potential binding partner of SFI5. Functional assay demonstrated that NbPHB1 promotes MTI marker gene expression and decreases lesion size in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>, whereas virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbPHB1 weakens MTI and increases lesion size. SFI5 suppresses NbPHB1 expression, inhibiting MTI and exacerbating lesion development during infection. In conclusion, SFI5 targets the MTI regulator <em>NbPHB1</em> to inhibit immune responses, with its ATP/GTP-binding motif playing a key role in effector function. These findings provide insights into <em>P. infestans</em> pathogenicity and suggest potential targets for developing resistant crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}