Surface modification of carbon dots by boron and phosphorus to construct flame-retardant epoxy resin with high mechanical and low dielectric properties

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111275

Lingzhi Wang , Hua Liu , Birong Zeng , Kaibin He , Yiting Xu , Conghui Yuan , Lizong Dai

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Abstract

The effective combination of flame retardant element and carbon dots for the development of epoxy composites with high mechanical property and low dielectric constant in the field of flame retardant material is still a challenge. Herein, the boron and phosphorus dual-element doped carbon dots (BP&NCDs) was synthesized using a simple Kabachnik-Fields reaction, and then incorporated into epoxy resin in different amount to prepare a series of EP/BP&NCDs composites. The optical, thermal stability, mechanical, dielectric and flame-retardant properties were tested by many techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, FL, TEM, TG, UL-94 and LOI e.g. It showed that the EP/BP&NCDs composites had favorable transparency, hydrophobicity, mechanical and dielectric properties, while maintaining the photo-luminescent properties. It was worth noting that the EP/3 %-BP&NCDs composite with only 3 % BP&NCDs addition exhibited significant flame-retardant properties with a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.3 %. Meanwhile, it led to obvious reductions of 34.9 %, 26.6 %, and 15.6 % in peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP), respectively. Furthermore, compared with pure EP, the EP/3 %-BP&NCDs composites enhanced the bending strength and impact strength by 32.3 % and 30.3 %, but reduced the dielectric constant and dielectric loss by about 40.0 % and 50.0 %, respectively. When EP/BP&NCDs composites were burned, a continuous and dense carbon layer was formed due to the synergistic action of phosphorus and boron in CDs. Overall the carbon dots (CDs) after surface modification could be applied in epoxy resin system for the achievement of multiple functional EP composites with good flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric property at low addition, which is helpful to provide a universal strategy in this field.

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硼、磷对碳点进行表面改性，制备高机械低介电性能阻燃环氧树脂

阻燃元素与碳点的有效结合，开发具有高力学性能和低介电常数的环氧复合材料，在阻燃材料领域仍然是一个挑战。本文采用简单的Kabachnik-Fields反应制备了硼磷双元素掺杂碳点（BP&NCDs），并将其掺入不同量的环氧树脂中制备了一系列EP/BP&；NCDs复合材料。通过紫外可见光谱、FL、TEM、TG、UL-94、LOI等测试技术对EP/BP&；NCDs复合材料的光学、热稳定性、力学、介电和阻燃性能进行了测试。结果表明，EP/BP&；NCDs复合材料在保持光致发光性能的同时，具有良好的透明性、疏水性、力学和介电性能。值得注意的是，仅添加3% BP&；NCDs的EP/ 3% -BP&；NCDs复合材料具有显著的阻燃性能，其UL-94 V-0额定值和极限氧指数（LOI）为31.3%。同时，峰值放热率（PHRR）、总放热率（THR）和总产烟量（TSP）分别显著降低34.9%、26.6%和15.6%。此外，与纯EP相比，EP/ 3% -BP&；NCDs复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了32.3%和30.3%，介电常数和介电损耗分别降低了40.0%和50.0%。EP/BP&；NCDs复合材料燃烧时，由于cd中磷和硼的协同作用，形成连续致密的碳层。综上所述，表面改性后的碳点可应用于环氧树脂体系中，在低添加量下制备出具有良好阻燃性能、力学性能和介电性能的多功能EP复合材料，为该领域的研究提供了一种通用策略。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.