Diazonium chemistry for bonding between PEEK and resin cement

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.001

Saadet Atsu DDS, PhD , Ahmed Saad BEng, MSc , Faleh Tamimi BDS, MSc, PhD , Marta Cerruti PhD

{"title":"Diazonium chemistry for bonding between PEEK and resin cement","authors":"Saadet Atsu DDS, PhD , Ahmed Saad BEng, MSc , Faleh Tamimi BDS, MSc, PhD , Marta Cerruti PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an excellent restorative material, but its hydrophobicity and inertness prevent strong adhesion to resin cements.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the use of diazonium reactions for priming PEEK surfaces to improve their adhesion to resin cements.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Polished PEEK specimens were exposed to 7 different treatments: airborne-particle abrasion (50 µm) (APA), diazonium priming (D), adhesive (visio-link) application (A), APA followed by A (APAA), D and A (DA), APA and D (APAD), and APA followed by D and A (APADA). Nontreated specimens served as controls (C). The surface composition, roughness (Ra), and contact angle of the specimens were examined before and after treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), profilometry, and goniometry respectively. The tensile bond strength between the treated specimens and resin cement (Panavia SA) was evaluated with a mechanical testing machine after incubation in distilled water (24 hours, at 37 ℃). The fracture surfaces were examined by using a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The Kruskal-Wallis, 1-way analysis of variance, Tukey HSD, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used for statistical analysis (α=.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surface characterization revealed that the APA treatment resulted in the highest surface concentration of oxygen and the highest contact angle (81.3 ±4.9 degree), the D treatment resulted in the highest surface concentration of nitrogen, the DA treatment resulted in the lowest roughness and contact angle (49 ±6.2 degree), and the APAD treatment resulted in the highest roughness. Tensile test results showed the lowest tensile bond strength in the control group (0.1 ±0.1 MPa) and the highest in the APADA group (13.9 ±1.6 MPa) (<em>P</em><.001). Differences were not observed among the APAA (10.8 ±0.9 MPa), DA (10.4 ±1.6 MPa), and APAD (9.8 ±1.7 MPa) treatments (<em>P</em>>.05). The failures of the groups were different (<em>P</em><.05), with group C showing 100% adhesive failure and the APADA group showing 70% mixed failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The surface treatment of PEEK with a diazonium primer increased the bonding strength of resin cement to PEEK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"133 5","pages":"Pages 1360.e1-1360.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022391325000824","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/2/21 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Statement of problem

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an excellent restorative material, but its hydrophobicity and inertness prevent strong adhesion to resin cements.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the use of diazonium reactions for priming PEEK surfaces to improve their adhesion to resin cements.

Material and methods

Polished PEEK specimens were exposed to 7 different treatments: airborne-particle abrasion (50 µm) (APA), diazonium priming (D), adhesive (visio-link) application (A), APA followed by A (APAA), D and A (DA), APA and D (APAD), and APA followed by D and A (APADA). Nontreated specimens served as controls (C). The surface composition, roughness (Ra), and contact angle of the specimens were examined before and after treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), profilometry, and goniometry respectively. The tensile bond strength between the treated specimens and resin cement (Panavia SA) was evaluated with a mechanical testing machine after incubation in distilled water (24 hours, at 37 ℃). The fracture surfaces were examined by using a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The Kruskal-Wallis, 1-way analysis of variance, Tukey HSD, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used for statistical analysis (α=.05).

Results

Surface characterization revealed that the APA treatment resulted in the highest surface concentration of oxygen and the highest contact angle (81.3 ±4.9 degree), the D treatment resulted in the highest surface concentration of nitrogen, the DA treatment resulted in the lowest roughness and contact angle (49 ±6.2 degree), and the APAD treatment resulted in the highest roughness. Tensile test results showed the lowest tensile bond strength in the control group (0.1 ±0.1 MPa) and the highest in the APADA group (13.9 ±1.6 MPa) (P<.001). Differences were not observed among the APAA (10.8 ±0.9 MPa), DA (10.4 ±1.6 MPa), and APAD (9.8 ±1.7 MPa) treatments (P>.05). The failures of the groups were different (P<.05), with group C showing 100% adhesive failure and the APADA group showing 70% mixed failure.

Conclusions

The surface treatment of PEEK with a diazonium primer increased the bonding strength of resin cement to PEEK.

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

聚醚醚酮与树脂水泥粘合的重氮化学。

问题说明：聚醚醚酮（PEEK）是一种优秀的修复材料，但它的疏水性和惰性阻碍了与树脂胶结物的强附着力。目的：本体外研究的目的是研究重氮反应对PEEK表面的激发作用，以提高其与树脂胶结物的附着力。材料和方法：将抛光后的PEEK样品进行7种不同的处理：空气颗粒磨损（50µm）（APA）、重氮注入(D)、粘合剂（视觉链接）应用(A)、APA后A （APAA）、D和A （DA）、APA和D （APAD）、APA后D和A （APADA）。未处理的样品作为对照(C)。分别使用x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、轮廓术（profilometry）和角形术（goniometry）检测处理前后样品的表面组成、粗糙度（Ra）和接触角。在蒸馏水中（37℃，24小时）培养后，用力学试验机评估处理后的试样与树脂水泥（Panavia SA）的拉伸粘结强度。使用立体显微镜在×40放大下检查断口表面。采用Kruskal-Wallis、单因素方差分析、Tukey HSD和Fisher-Freeman-Halton检验进行统计学分析（α= 0.05）。结果：表面表征表明，APA处理的表面氧浓度最高，接触角最大（81.3±4.9度），D处理的表面氮浓度最高，DA处理的表面粗糙度最低，接触角最小（49±6.2度），APAD处理的表面粗糙度最大。拉伸试验结果显示，抗拉结合强度以对照组最低（0.1±0.1 MPa），以APADA组最高（13.9±1.6 MPa）（p < 0.05）。结论：用重氮底漆对PEEK进行表面处理可以提高树脂水泥与PEEK的结合强度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.00%

发文量

599

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.