Phonon-photon synergy in phase change materials through nano-engineered carbon materials for multifunctional applications

Abstract

In the development of multifunctional phase change materials (PCMs), thermal conductivity, and photothermal conversion efficiency are particularly important factors affecting their performance. This paper thus reviews the thermophysical properties and synthesis of PCM composites, with a particular focus on the superiority of nano-engineered carbon materials (NeCMs) as a means to enhance PCM functionality. Techniques used to synthesize 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D NeCMs and the atomic-level properties that influence their performance are described in relation to their dimensionality. The interactions that occur between NeCMs and PCMs, which are critical for multifunctionality of PCM composites, are also discussed. As a core objective, this review examines how the synthesis approaches for PCM-NeCM composites and their resulting morphological characteristics influence their thermal conductivity and photothermal efficiency. Phonon manipulation, localized heating, localized surface plasmon resonance, and interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) are identified as the key mechanisms that enhance thermal conduction and photothermal conversion of PCMs with the integration of NeCMs. Recent advancements are also highlighted to demonstrate the potential of these composites to optimize PCM technology for high-efficiency, multifunctional applications. This review ends by outlining the limitations and challenges associated with PCM, thus providing a framework for future advancements in PCM technology.