All-in-One PANI@PDA/PVDF Smart Textiles for Multifunctional Biomonitoring

Abstract

Smart textiles play a vital role in physiological monitoring, mobile healthcare, and human–machine interface. Multifunctionality remarkably benefits the miniaturization and integration of wearable electronics. Here, we developed a PANI@PDA/PVDF composite textile (PCT)-based multifunctional sensor by combining electrospinning with in situ polymerization. This prepared multifunctional sensor features a wide pressure detection range (0–70 kPa), high sensitivity (10.1 [kPa]⁻¹), fast response rate, and excellent stability, which is capable of discerning subtle pulse, respiratory patterns, and limb movement. Furthermore, the PDA anchoring-enabled π–π conjugation effect promises good ammonia sensing performance with a sensitivity of 1.76% ppm^–1 and a response of 320.5% at 200 ppm of NH₃, demonstrating great potential in distinguishing the biomarker for kidney disease prognosis. This work unravels the possibility for constructing multifunctional biomonitoring devices for multimodal physiological diagnosis.