FPGA-based implementation of a tangible cubes sense using infrared communication

Abstract

Background and motivation

The integration of tangible objects into digital environments represents a growing research frontier, addressing gaps in existing interactive and sensor technologies. This study proposes a novel method for real-time object identification and localization using infrared (IR) communication and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

Materials and methods

The research employs IR communication for data exchange between cubes and a smart sensory board (SSB), each equipped with IR transmitters and receivers. FPGA technology is utilized to facilitate real-time data processing and visualization. Key metrics include detection accuracy for cube positioning, angular rotation, and tilt. Experiments analyzed the system’s robustness under varying displacement, rotation, and tilt conditions.

Results

The system achieved reliable detection within a 6 mm tolerance for displacement and a maximum height of 30 mm above the SSB. Angular rotation was limited to ±11° for central axis rotation at optimal alignment, with false positives reduced through calibrated IR power and checksum validation. Five experimental tests quantified the detection boundaries, producing detailed metrics: translation limits: ±7 mm in the x and y axes, rotation: ±11° around the central axis; ±10° along edges, and tilt: maximum angular limits of 29° for left edges and 25° for front edges.The system demonstrated robustness, with a fault rate below 2 % under normal operating conditions.

Discussion and conclusion

While the system’s IR communication and FPGA integration improve accuracy and response time, potential limitations include sensitivity to environmental interference and the need for precise manufacturing tolerances. Future research should explore advanced materials, broader IR protocols, and enhanced usability features such as adaptive haptic feedback. The findings provide a foundation for further development in sensor-based interaction systems and contribute to the advancement of augmented reality technologies.