Frequency hopping is a main technique for wireless communication, avoiding interference and interception. This paper provides novel hardware design for frequency-hopping pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG).PRBG design by chaotic maps on FPGA.Two proposed methods in this work first combine chaotic maps in a cascade manner called fixed point cascade chaotic maps (FPCCM-FHSS), and second, the conjunction of chaotic maps done in an XORed manner called fixed point an XOR chaotic method (FPXORCM-FHSS).The results were the first eight NIST randomness tests.Frequency indicates that all p-values larger than 0.01 are needed to achieve better randomness,Second and third were die-hard tests, many distribution tests with significant p-values (p <0.01) that meet high standards of statistical randomness, making them suitable for channel security.Last were the FPGA results between the proposed methods for speed and hardware resources).The works implemented on XILINX ZC702 achieved 2 Gbps to meet the speed requirements of the change of the carrier frequency.
跳频是无线通信中避免干扰和拦截的一种主要技术。本文提供了跳频伪随机比特发生器（PRBG）的新型硬件设计。本文提出了两种方法，第一种是将混沌图以级联的方式结合起来，称为定点级联混沌图（FPCCM-FHSS）；第二种是将混沌图以XOR的方式结合起来，称为定点XOR混沌法（FPXORCM-FHSS）。第二项和第三项是严苛测试，许多分布测试的 p 值显著（p <0.01），符合统计随机性的高标准，使其适用于信道安全。
{"title":"Unveiling robust security: Chaotic maps for frequency hopping implementation in FPGA","authors":"Harith G.Ayoub , Zaid A.Abdulrazzaq , Ahmed F.Fathil , Shahd A.Hasso , Aamer T.Suhail","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequency hopping is a main technique for wireless communication, avoiding interference and interception. This paper provides novel hardware design for frequency-hopping pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG).PRBG design by chaotic maps on FPGA.Two proposed methods in this work first combine chaotic maps in a cascade manner called fixed point cascade chaotic maps (FPCCM-FHSS), and second, the conjunction of chaotic maps done in an XORed manner called fixed point an XOR chaotic method (FPXORCM-FHSS).The results were the first eight NIST randomness tests.Frequency indicates that all p-values larger than 0.01 are needed to achieve better randomness,Second and third were die-hard tests, many distribution tests with significant p-values (p <0.01) that meet high standards of statistical randomness, making them suitable for channel security.Last were the FPGA results between the proposed methods for speed and hardware resources).The works implemented on XILINX ZC702 achieved 2 Gbps to meet the speed requirements of the change of the carrier frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103000
Karim K. Ahmed , Hisham H. Hussein , Hamdy M. Ahmed , Wafaa B. Rabie , Wassim Alexan
In the domains of fluid mechanics, hydrodynamics, and marine engineering, Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equations are of great interest to mathematicians and physicists as a means of illuminating the diverse dynamics of non-linear wave events. In this study, to pique readers' interest, we investigate the soliton solutions of a dynamical model, which is the mathematical physics equivalent of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation (GBKE). Utilizing the improved modified extended tanh-function scheme (IMETFS), we generate several innovative solutions. Utilizing the previously described approach, we find new types of solutions that have never been found before to demonstrate their originality for the problem at hand, such as dark, singular soliton, exponential, hyperbolic, singular periodic, Jacobi elliptic function (JEF), and rational solutions. The results show that the computational procedures are clear, informed, and effective. By integrating them with representational calculations, they may be used for more intricate phenomena. The efficacy of our method indicates that it may be utilized to tackle other non-linear challenges in many domains, particularly in soliton theory, since the examined model appears in many applications. Utilizing the computer algebra system, Wolfram Mathematica®, the propagation of the well-furnished results is visualized through contour plots, 2D and 3D visualizations for different values of the required free parameters. All of the research's conclusions are necessary to comprehend the behavior and physical significance of the examined equation, highlighting how crucial it is to examine various non-linear wave phenomena in the field of engineering mathematics and physical sciences.
{"title":"Analysis of the dynamical behaviors for the generalized Bogoyavlvensky–Konopelchenko equation and its analytical solutions occurring in mathematical physics","authors":"Karim K. Ahmed , Hisham H. Hussein , Hamdy M. Ahmed , Wafaa B. Rabie , Wassim Alexan","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the domains of fluid mechanics, hydrodynamics, and marine engineering, Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equations are of great interest to mathematicians and physicists as a means of illuminating the diverse dynamics of non-linear wave events. In this study, to pique readers' interest, we investigate the soliton solutions of a dynamical model, which is the mathematical physics equivalent of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation (GBKE). Utilizing the improved modified extended tanh-function scheme (IMETFS), we generate several innovative solutions. Utilizing the previously described approach, we find new types of solutions that have never been found before to demonstrate their originality for the problem at hand, such as dark, singular soliton, exponential, hyperbolic, singular periodic, Jacobi elliptic function (JEF), and rational solutions. The results show that the computational procedures are clear, informed, and effective. By integrating them with representational calculations, they may be used for more intricate phenomena. The efficacy of our method indicates that it may be utilized to tackle other non-linear challenges in many domains, particularly in soliton theory, since the examined model appears in many applications. Utilizing the computer algebra system, Wolfram Mathematica®, the propagation of the well-furnished results is visualized through contour plots, 2D and 3D visualizations for different values of the required free parameters. All of the research's conclusions are necessary to comprehend the behavior and physical significance of the examined equation, highlighting how crucial it is to examine various non-linear wave phenomena in the field of engineering mathematics and physical sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103007
Tanveer Akbar , Sirajul Haq , Shams Ul Arifeen , Azhar Iqbal , Wei Sin Koh
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the numerical solution of coupled Whitham Broer Kaup (WBK) equation via Quintic B-Spline interpolation technique. This problem is of significant interest in the study of nonlinear wave phenomena because of its applications in various fields, such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics and climate modeling. For the temporal derivative, the forward difference technique and a quadrature rule are utilized to deal the integer and fractional models, respectively, while spatial operators and the solutions are then obtained using Quintic B-spline. Furthermore, the non-linear terms are linearized using Quasi-linearization technique. Absolute error, and error norms are computed to check the accuracy of the proposed method. The computed results are represented graphically and compared with the exact solution. It is found that our method is efficient due to less computational cost and proffer better accuracy. Stability of the proposed method is discussed using Von-Neumann stability which identifies that the scheme is conditionally stable.
{"title":"Computational study of coupled Whitham Broer Kaup equations via interpolation technique","authors":"Tanveer Akbar , Sirajul Haq , Shams Ul Arifeen , Azhar Iqbal , Wei Sin Koh","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main purpose of this study is to investigate the numerical solution of coupled Whitham Broer Kaup (WBK) equation via Quintic B-Spline interpolation technique. This problem is of significant interest in the study of nonlinear wave phenomena because of its applications in various fields, such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics and climate modeling. For the temporal derivative, the forward difference technique and a quadrature rule are utilized to deal the integer and fractional models, respectively, while spatial operators and the solutions are then obtained using Quintic B-spline. Furthermore, the non-linear terms are linearized using Quasi-linearization technique. Absolute error, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> error norms are computed to check the accuracy of the proposed method. The computed results are represented graphically and compared with the exact solution. It is found that our method is efficient due to less computational cost and proffer better accuracy. Stability of the proposed method is discussed using Von-Neumann stability which identifies that the scheme is conditionally stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103039
Arindita Saha , Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar , Dhafer Almakhles , Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy
With an emphasis on a three-region system, this paper explores automatic generation control within a conventional framework. Area 2 uses thermal-thermal sources, Area 3 uses gas-thermal sources, and Area 1 uses thermal-biodiesel sources. IPD(1 + I) is a unique cascade controller that combines integral-proportional-derivative (IPD) components with one-plus-integral (1 + I) components. To find the best gains and settings for the IPD(1 + I) controller, a meta-heuristic method called the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) is applied. Reducing the integral squared error (ISE), as determined by the performance index (Pi), is the main goal. The performance of the IPD(1 + I) controller is evaluated by contrasting it with a range of secondary controllers. Hybrid Peak Area-ISE (hPA-ISE), a novel performance metric, is also assessed in addition to the conventional ISE. The incorporation of renewable energy sources, such solar thermal energy and solid oxide fuel cells, significantly improves the system’s performance. Interestingly, under normal conditions, the IPD(1 + I) controller’s parameter settings continue to work for both sinusoidal and random load situations, obviating the need for additional tuning.
{"title":"Optimization of dual-stage controllers in renewable energy sources-based interconnected power systems through refinement of the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Arindita Saha , Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar , Dhafer Almakhles , Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With an emphasis on a three-region system, this paper explores automatic<!--> <!-->generation control within a conventional framework. Area 2 uses thermal-thermal sources, Area 3 uses gas-thermal sources, and Area 1 uses thermal-biodiesel sources. IPD(1 + I) is a unique cascade controller that combines integral-proportional-derivative (IPD) components with one-plus-integral (1 + I) components. To find the best gains and settings for the IPD(1 + I) controller, a <em>meta</em>-heuristic method called the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) is applied. Reducing the integral squared error (ISE), as determined by the performance index (Pi), is the main goal. The performance of the IPD(1 + I) controller is evaluated by contrasting it with a range of secondary controllers. Hybrid Peak Area-ISE (hPA-ISE), a novel performance metric, is also assessed in addition to the conventional ISE. The incorporation of renewable energy sources, such solar thermal energy and solid oxide fuel cells, significantly improves the system’s performance. Interestingly, under normal conditions, the IPD(1 + I) controller’s parameter settings continue to work for both sinusoidal and random load situations, obviating the need for additional tuning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the exponential penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) plants into the power grid, advanced current controllers should be employed in grid-tied power converters in order to efficiently inject high quality current synchronized with the grid voltage. This research presents the modeling and design of a digital multi-resonant controller to feed-in high quality current. The novelty lies in designing the control in a superior manner to conventional techniques. As an outcome, practical engineers discover an easy, fast, robust, and accurate control method. The proposed 5-kVA PV system can inject active and reactive power effectively while staying resilient to imbalance scenarios. Synchronization is accomplished via a synchronous reference frame (SRF) based phase locked loop (PLL) that performs effectively even with distorted and nonideal grids. The practicality and efficacy of the developed controller is verified both in simulation (PSIM and code composer studio) and Hardware in Loop (HIL) via Typhoon 402 and TMS32F28335 experiments. The devised controller is evaluated in both grid-connected and standalone modes under a wide range of disturbances, distortions, and non-ideal conditions. The simulation and HIL results validate the robustness, fastness, resilience, and effectiveness of the proposed controller compared with a well-tuned conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller.
{"title":"An Improved digital multi-resonant controller for 3 ϕ grid-tied and standalone PV system under balanced and unbalanced conditions","authors":"Kamran Zeb , T.D.C. Busarello , Waqar Uddin , Muhammad Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the exponential penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) plants into the power grid, advanced current controllers should be employed in grid-tied power converters in order to efficiently inject high quality current synchronized with the grid voltage. This research presents the modeling and design of a digital multi-resonant controller to feed-in high quality current. The novelty lies in designing the control in a superior manner to conventional techniques. As an outcome, practical engineers discover an easy, fast, robust, and accurate control method. The proposed 5-kVA PV system can inject active and reactive power effectively while staying resilient to imbalance scenarios. Synchronization is accomplished via a synchronous reference frame (SRF) based phase locked loop (PLL) that performs effectively even with distorted and nonideal grids. The practicality and efficacy of the developed controller is verified both in simulation (PSIM and code composer studio) and Hardware in Loop (HIL) via Typhoon 402 and TMS32F28335 experiments. The devised controller is evaluated in both grid-connected and standalone modes under a wide range of disturbances, distortions, and non-ideal conditions. The simulation and HIL results validate the robustness, fastness, resilience, and effectiveness of the proposed controller compared with a well-tuned conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.102989
Shahrokh Tafi , Pooria Rashvand , Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli , Seyed Amir Hossein Hashemi
Considering the uncertainties associated with earthquake, seismic response of structures, damage caused by the response and the repair costs, determining Earthquake Insurance Premium (EIP) is a challenging task that requires a framework for modeling all inherent risks. Most of the models proposed for EIP determination have two basic components. The first component indicates the probability of seismic hazard (generally obtained from the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis), and the second component indicates the probability of occurrence of a given damage to the structure with respect to different seismic hazard levels (generally obtained from the fragility curves). These two components are interconnected through an intermediate parameter, known as the Intensity Measure (IM), which is of great importance in calculations and has hardly been considered so far. In this study, the dependency of EIP on the IM used in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the fragility curves is analyzed. To this end, the EIP was determined for five types of buildings at low, medium and high seismic hazard levels using two IMs (peak ground acceleration and first mode spectral acceleration). The results of this study warn that the EIP can be highly dependent on the IM, so that for all studied structures, the EIP determined based on peak ground acceleration at a high seismic hazard level is nearly three times as many as the one determined by the first mode spectral acceleration. A significant finding is that when the first mode spectral acceleration is used as the IM, the ratio of EIP at different seismic hazard levels closely matches the ratio of IM at the same levels. This result can be valuable in developing insurance codes and regulations. However, this is not the case for the currently used IM, i.e., peak ground acceleration.
考虑到地震的不确定性、结构的地震反应、地震反应造成的损失以及修复成本，确定地震保险费（EIP）是一项具有挑战性的任务，需要一个对所有固有风险进行建模的框架。为确定 EIP 而提出的大多数模型都有两个基本组成部分。第一部分表示地震灾害的概率（一般从概率地震灾害分析中获得），第二部分表示不同地震灾害等级下结构发生特定损坏的概率（一般从脆性曲线中获得）。这两个部分通过一个称为烈度测量（IM）的中间参数相互连接，该参数在计算中非常重要，但迄今为止几乎没有人考虑过。本研究分析了 EIP 与地震危险概率分析和脆性曲线中使用的 IM 之间的关系。为此，使用两种 IM（峰值地面加速度和一模频谱加速度）确定了低、中、高地震危险等级下五种类型建筑物的 EIP。研究结果表明，EIP 在很大程度上取决于 IM，因此对于所有研究的建筑物，在高地震危险等级下根据峰值地面加速度确定的 EIP 几乎是根据一模频谱加速度确定的 EIP 的三倍。一个重要发现是，当使用一模谱加速度作为 IM 时，不同地震危险等级下的 EIP 比值与相同等级下的 IM 比值非常接近。这一结果对于制定保险规范和法规很有价值。然而，目前使用的 IM（即峰值地面加速度）却并非如此。
{"title":"Analyzing the dependency of earthquake insurance premium on the intensity measure used in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and fragility curves","authors":"Shahrokh Tafi , Pooria Rashvand , Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli , Seyed Amir Hossein Hashemi","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.102989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.102989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the uncertainties associated with earthquake, seismic response of structures, damage caused by the response and the repair costs, determining Earthquake Insurance Premium (EIP) is a challenging task that requires a framework for modeling all inherent risks. Most of the models proposed for EIP determination have two basic components. The first component indicates the probability of seismic hazard (generally obtained from the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis), and the second component indicates the probability of occurrence of a given damage to the structure with respect to different seismic hazard levels (generally obtained from the fragility curves). These two components are interconnected through an intermediate parameter, known as the Intensity Measure (IM), which is of great importance in calculations and has hardly been considered so far. In this study, the dependency of EIP on the IM used in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the fragility curves is analyzed. To this end, the EIP was determined for five types of buildings at low, medium and high seismic hazard levels using two IMs (peak ground acceleration and first mode spectral acceleration). The results of this study warn that the EIP can be highly dependent on the IM, so that for all studied structures, the EIP determined based on peak ground acceleration at a high seismic hazard level is nearly three times as many as the one determined by the first mode spectral acceleration. A significant finding is that when the first mode spectral acceleration is used as the IM, the ratio of EIP at different seismic hazard levels closely matches the ratio of IM at the same levels. This result can be valuable in developing insurance codes and regulations. However, this is not the case for the currently used IM, i.e., peak ground acceleration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 102989"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various innovative and sustainable methods for improving the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The potential risk of failure for such elements is considered a potential threat, therefore, this study addresses it through experimental tests and numerical analyses to be mitigated carefully in order to enhance the safety and sustainability of buildings. A total of eleven specimens, comprising two control specimens and nine strengthened specimens, underwent three-point testing. Several proposed strengthening techniques, each involving multiple parameters, were examined. In the initial approach, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) textile embedded in an external fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) jacket was utilized, with an evaluation of the number of the GFRP textile layers (1, 2, and 3 layers). The second technique incorporated near surface mounted (NSM) GFRP bars along with the FRCM jacketing, where the diameter of the GFRP bars (10, 12, and 16 mm) served as the primary parameter. In the final technique, externally bonded stainless-steel strips (SSSs) of varying thicknesses (1, 1.25, 1.50 mm) were affixed to the beams’ surface. The obtained results revealed that the application of the FRCM jacketing method yielded positive results, showing a significant 30.7 % average increase in the crack initiation load and a 17.1 % improvement in the failure load compared to the defected beam. However, issues of debonding beneath the loading point were observed in the FRCM jacket, particularly with three layers of the GFRP textile, leading to the separation of the concrete cover. Moreover, combining the NSM GFRP bars with an FRCM jacket addressed the absence of shear stirrups. The most remarkable improvement was noted utilizing the NSM GFRP bars and an FRCM jacket, followed by employing SSSs with an FRCM jacket.
{"title":"Novel sustainable techniques for enhancing shear strength of RC beams mitigating construction failure risk","authors":"Mohamed Ghalla , Alireza Bahrami , Moataz Badawi , Ehab A. Mlybari","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various innovative and sustainable methods for improving the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The potential risk of failure for such elements is considered a potential threat, therefore, this study addresses it through experimental tests and numerical analyses to be mitigated carefully in order to enhance the safety and sustainability of buildings. A total of eleven specimens, comprising two control specimens and nine strengthened specimens, underwent three-point testing. Several proposed strengthening techniques, each involving multiple parameters, were examined. In the initial approach, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) textile embedded in an external fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) jacket was utilized, with an evaluation of the number of the GFRP textile layers (1, 2, and 3 layers). The second technique incorporated near surface mounted (NSM) GFRP bars along with the FRCM jacketing, where the diameter of the GFRP bars (10, 12, and 16 mm) served as the primary parameter. In the final technique, externally bonded stainless-steel strips (SSSs) of varying thicknesses (1, 1.25, 1.50 mm) were affixed to the beams’ surface. The obtained results revealed that the application of the FRCM jacketing method yielded positive results, showing a significant 30.7 % average increase in the crack initiation load and a 17.1 % improvement in the failure load compared to the defected beam. However, issues of debonding beneath the loading point were observed in the FRCM jacket, particularly with three layers of the GFRP textile, leading to the separation of the concrete cover. Moreover, combining the NSM GFRP bars with an FRCM jacket addressed the absence of shear stirrups. The most remarkable improvement was noted utilizing the NSM GFRP bars and an FRCM jacket, followed by employing SSSs with an FRCM jacket.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103037
Shan Zhao , Zhao Li
The stochastic coupled Maccari's system (MS) is a kind of important nonlinear partial differential equations to describe fluid flow, plasma physics, nonlinear optics and so on. In this article, the dynamical behavior and some new exact traveling wave solutions of the system are investigated. By means of complex traveling wave transformation, the system is transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The dynamical behavior of the system as well as its perturbation case are illustrated by bifurcation theory. And then, some new stochastic traveling wave solutions of the system are extracted based on the theory of polynomial complete discrimination system. To show the effect of stochastic factor on the solutions, their structures under different Brownian motion amplitudes are compared by several sets of graphs. The results obtained in this paper have supplemented the study of the system, and the technique used to exploit the traveling wave solutions are effective.
{"title":"The analysis of traveling wave solutions and dynamical behavior for the stochastic coupled Maccari's system via Brownian motion","authors":"Shan Zhao , Zhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stochastic coupled Maccari's system (MS) is a kind of important nonlinear partial differential equations to describe fluid flow, plasma physics, nonlinear optics and so on. In this article, the dynamical behavior and some new exact traveling wave solutions of the system are investigated. By means of complex traveling wave transformation, the system is transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The dynamical behavior of the system as well as its perturbation case are illustrated by bifurcation theory. And then, some new stochastic traveling wave solutions of the system are extracted based on the theory of polynomial complete discrimination system. To show the effect of stochastic factor on the solutions, their structures under different Brownian motion amplitudes are compared by several sets of graphs. The results obtained in this paper have supplemented the study of the system, and the technique used to exploit the traveling wave solutions are effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103046
Ying-Jun Lei , Bo-Yu Wang , Yu-Tong Yang
Deep learning technology is widely used in target detection in machine vision. However, existing regression loss functions used for training networks suffer from slow convergence and imprecise localization, hindering the realization of fast and accurate visual detection. To address this, the study proposes the smoothing adaptive intersection over union loss (SAIoU Loss), which adapts bounding box regression through scale smoothing. By analyzing the bounding box regression process, SAIoU Loss incorporates a center-of-mass distance penalty term to enhance prediction speed during box distance regression in the pre-training phase. Additionally, it integrates a corner point distance penalty term with adaptive weights to refine the similarity of predicted box shapes throughout regression. The experimental results demonstrate that SAIoU Loss achieves a 39.6 mAP in target detection model training on PASCAL VOC, marking a 3.39% improvement. It also records the highest result of 26.7% in medium-sized target detection, which represents a 9.43% improvement over IoU. In the VisDrone 2019 dataset, SAIoU Loss reaches a detection accuracy of 14.8 mAP, improving by 1.3 mAP compared to the Baseline. The SAIoU loss proposed in this study realizes efficient and highly accurate target detection.
深度学习技术被广泛应用于机器视觉中的目标检测。然而，现有用于训练网络的回归损失函数存在收敛速度慢、定位不精确等问题，阻碍了快速准确视觉检测的实现。针对这一问题，本研究提出了平滑自适应交集联合损失（SAIoU Loss），它通过尺度平滑来调整边界框回归。通过分析边界框回归过程，SAIoU Loss 在预训练阶段的框距离回归中加入了质量中心距离惩罚项，以提高预测速度。此外，它还整合了带有自适应权重的角点距离惩罚项，以在整个回归过程中完善预测框形的相似性。实验结果表明，SAIoU Loss 在 PASCAL VOC 的目标检测模型训练中实现了 39.6 mAP，提高了 3.39%。在中型目标检测方面，它也取得了 26.7% 的最高成绩，比 IoU 提高了 9.43%。在 VisDrone 2019 数据集中，SAIoU Loss 的检测精度达到 14.8 mAP，比基准提高了 1.3 mAP。本研究提出的 SAIoU Loss 实现了高效、高精度的目标检测。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.103013
Mohammad Qabaja , Goktug Tenekeci
Whether in developed or developing countries, the construction industry had a vital part to play concerning the GDP throughout the ages. The increasing inflation since the pandemic affected numerous main sectors, no doubt construction industry is not different and has not been immune to. The presence of inflation and resultant interest rate influence the growth of the economic sector. There have been no reported studies to evaluate the impact on construction industry, nor a comparative analysis at continental level for selective countries. The study designed to explore the long-run (LR) and causality (CA) of the inflation and interest rate on the GDP and the construction sector depending on the four selected variables and models from 1991 to 2022 on nine selected countries from Americas, Asia and Europe that are facing ever-rising inflation in most recent years. Data of the study have been collated from official databases, where the sources are introduced. The research concluded that the interest rate and inflation have positive bidirectional long run estimates in seven countries which that impact negatively on the economic growth. However, it is also found that the impact of inflation and interest rate on the GDP and the construction sector differs from country to country. It is shown that the high inflation and interest rate issue can also pushes GDP upwards, not necessarily on real value.
{"title":"Influence of inflation on the construction sector and economic growth in selected countries: A continental comparison","authors":"Mohammad Qabaja , Goktug Tenekeci","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2024.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether in developed or developing countries, the construction industry had a vital part to play concerning the GDP throughout the ages. The increasing inflation since the pandemic affected numerous main sectors, no doubt construction industry is not different and has not been immune to. The presence of inflation and resultant interest rate influence the growth of the economic sector. There have been no reported studies to evaluate the impact on construction industry, nor a comparative analysis at continental level for selective countries. The study designed to explore the long-run (LR) and causality (CA) of the inflation and interest rate on the GDP and the construction sector depending on the four selected variables and models from 1991 to 2022 on nine selected countries from Americas, Asia and Europe that are facing ever-rising inflation in most recent years. Data of the study have been collated from official databases, where the sources are introduced. The research concluded that the interest rate and inflation have positive bidirectional long run estimates in seven countries which that impact negatively on the economic growth. However, it is also found that the impact of inflation and interest rate on the GDP and the construction sector differs from country to country. It is shown that the high inflation and interest rate issue can also pushes GDP upwards, not necessarily on real value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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