Nazia Saleem, Nasir Bilal, Ahmad Ali, Abdur Rehman
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Abstract
Sixteen oil and gas facilities in Pakistan were characterised for evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). This first-of-its-kind study may determine the need to establish national regulatory requirements for NORM activities. Gamma dose rates at each site and specific activities of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in samples of scale, sludge, produced water, and soil by gamma spectrometry were measured. Subsequently, Annual Effective Doses due to external exposure were estimated. Results were found below the exemption levels. Based on maximum levels of 226Ra in sludge and scale along with radionuclides buildup over time, facilities were advised to regularly assess NORM.
期刊介绍：
An international periodical publishing original papers, letters, review papers and short communications on nuclear chemistry. The subjects covered include: Nuclear chemistry, Radiochemistry, Radiation chemistry, Radiobiological chemistry, Environmental radiochemistry, Production and control of radioisotopes and labelled compounds, Nuclear power plant chemistry, Nuclear fuel chemistry, Radioanalytical chemistry, Radiation detection and measurement, Nuclear instrumentation and automation, etc.
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