Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry最新文献

The concept of biological receptors is now more than a century old with numerous receptor families being identified as they respond to the influence of a collection of agonist and antagonist substances. Many receptors have been fully studied and characterized. However, the imidazoline receptor family is one of the more intriguing groups for which unanswered biology questions still remain. To better understand the imidazoline receptors, this work describes the synthesis and characterization of several useful tritium labelled imidazoline radioligands.

Aerial gamma-ray spectrometry is used herein as an indirect technique for petroleum prospecting in the Syrian desert (Area-1). The focus is on detecting micro-seepage hydrocarbon traps using the thorium Th normalization technique. Five radiometric selected profiles show low residual potassium values termed as KD (%), and high uranium residual values in relation to potassium, termed as DRAD (%) indicating potential micro-seepage occurrences. The research identifies five probable hydrocarbon zones (Pr-1–Pr-5). This indirect approach, aimed at locating stratigraphic and structural traps for hydrocarbons, offers valuable insights for petroleum exploration in the region.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent cancer in elderly men, exhibiting a positive correlation with age. As resistance to treatment has developed, particularly in the progressive stage of the disease and in the presence of microfocal multiple bone metastases, new generation radionuclide therapies have emerged. Recently introduced for treating micrometastatic foci, Terbium-161 ([¹⁶¹Tb]) has shown great promise in prostate cancer treatment. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of Terbium-161 ([¹⁶¹Tb])-radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617. [¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 (7.4 MBq/nmol) demonstrated a radiochemical yield of 97.99 ± 2.01% and hydrophilicity. [¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 was also shown to have good stability, with a radiochemical yield of over 95% up to 72 h. In vitro, [¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 exhibited cytotoxicity on LNCaP cells but not on PC3 cells. In vivo, scintigraphy imaging visualized the accumulation of [¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 in the prostate, kidneys, and bladder. The results suggest that [¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 can be an effective radiolabeled agent for the treatment of PSMA positive foci in prostate cancer.

Current review reports coagulation-based flocculation for treatment of radioactive wastewater. At low pH, high dosages are necessary to achieve charge neutralization resulting poor separation yield. Most radionuclides coagulate and flocculate under alkaline conditions. Stirring also affects the morphology of flocs while excessive stirring re-dissolves the flocs and decreases the SEPARATION yield. Yield depends on coagulant mixing rate, pH, concentration, temperature, stirring time and rate, settling time and sedimentation rate. The commonly used coagulants are Fe and Al while Fe is famous among all coagulants. This review is useful to develop a radionuclides separation plan from environmental protection perspective in the emergency situation.

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A feasibility study of gamma-gamma coincidence measurements in prompt gamma neutron activation analysis is carried out experimentally with a pulsed DT neutron generator, a polyethylene graphite cell and eight large NaI(Tl) scintillators. Detection limits are measured with multidimensional energy spectra created in gamma-gamma coincidence and compared to HPGe detector spectra. With a neutron emisison of 2.5 × 10⁸ n.s⁻¹, the detection limit for sulfur is about 15 g in 20 min, while the detection limit is larger than 200 g when using the HPGe detector spectra. Processing the summ of up to three coincident gamma-ray energies highlights useful signal for a dysprosium sample, and allows for detecting permanent magnets containing 4% mass dysprosium within a rotor mock-up composed of stainless steel.

We observed the lead-210 (²¹⁰Pb) sinking flux in subarctic and subtropical regions of the western North Pacific Ocean over time. The ²¹⁰Pb fluxes in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones were estimated from the disequilibrium between ²¹⁰Pb and radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) in the water column over the 4 seasons during several years. In the subarctic region, ²¹⁰Pb fluxes were larger (28–29 dpm m^–2 d^–1 at 500 m; 68–70 dpm m^–2 d^–1 at 4810 m) than those in the subtropical region (22–24 dpm m^–2 d^–1 at 500 m; 46–49 dpm m^–2 d^–1 at 4810 m). These results imply that the strength of the biological pump in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones is larger in the subarctic region than in the subtropical region of the western North Pacific. We also determined ²¹⁰Pb in sinking particles collected by moored sediment traps. In the subarctic (subtropical) region, the annual average of trapped ²¹⁰Pb flux at 500 and 4810 m were 3.0 (4.6) and 24.2 (18.6) dpm m^–2 d^–1, respectively. Estimated from the ²¹⁰Pb flux in the water column and the ²¹⁰Pb flux in the sinking particles in the sediment trap experiment, the trapping efficiencies at 500 m (10–20%) were about a half of those at 4810 m (35–40%) in the sediment trap experiment.

Radiochronometry provides the model age of nuclear materials, which is useful for understanding the production history of materials found outside of regulatory control. Certified reference materials (CRMs) are important for radiochronometry to increase confidence in measurement quality; however, the absence of ²³¹Pa/²³⁵U CRMs necessitates that nuclear forensic laboratories measure the ²³¹Pa/²³⁵U model ages of preexisting uranium reference materials. Here, new consensus ²³¹Pa/²³⁵U model ages are reported from three nuclear forensic laboratories for three reference materials using current analytical methods. These updated consensus values can be used for quality control of ²³¹Pa/²³⁵U model age measurements.

The inhalation of radon and its decay products is the primary source of natural radiation exposure for the general population. The solid particles produced by radon decay are also radioactive and can easily penetrate deep into the lungs, causing damage to the airways. To better understand the harmful effects of inhaling radon decay, we have used a Computational Fluid Dynamics method to model the deposition of radioactive particles in the human respiratory system. This method was used to determine the effective dose resulting from exposure to radon progeny. The simulations have been conducted with representative breathing intensities of light (15 L/min), normal (30 L/min), and heavy (60 L/min) breathing under continuous breathing conditions. The numerical results show that larger particles are deposited more in the bronchi and at higher inhalation rates due to higher inertia. Furthermore, the airflow velocity field and deposition rates were obtained and discussed in detail. The dose conversion factor of radon decay products was calculated for different airflows, taking into account the deposition rates. The calculated dose conversion factor for attached fractions (6.62–11.35 mSv WLM⁻¹) and unattached fractions (3.48–4.68 mSv WLM⁻¹) is above the recommended range of 5.4–10.6 mSv WLM⁻¹ obtained by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and also by the World Health Organization at a level of 10 mSv WLM⁻¹.

Personalized radiation therapy in Nuclear Medicine aims to tailor treatment regimens to individual patients based on their unique biological characteristics. Recent advancements in radiobiology techniques offer promising avenues for achieving this goal. This review explores key developments in radiobiology, including molecular imaging, radiomics, biomarkers of radiosensitivity, microdosimetry, theranostics, and artificial intelligence. These techniques enable a more precise understanding of tumor biology, prediction of treatment response, and optimization of radiation dose delivery. By integrating radiobiological information into clinical decision-making, personalized radiation therapy in Nuclear Medicine can lead to improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects.

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Rare earth acid insoluble slag (REAIS) is a low-level radioactive slag that is stored in most enterprises nowadays. Because of the pressure from negative environmental consequences and stock saturation, it is imperative to reduced dispose of REAIS. In this paper, we propose a sodium hydroxide-assisted low-temperature roasting method for the conversion of barium sulfate in REAIS (approximately 25% of REAIS). And the effects of the mixing method, mass ratio, carbon dioxide flow rate, roasting temperature, and roasting time on the conversion of barium salt were investigated. The results showed that the optimized process, which included a slurry mixing with a REAIS/NaOH mass ratio of 1:1, roasting for 3 h at 425 °C, and a carbon dioxide flow rate of 3 L min⁻¹, produced more than 96% conversion rate of barium salt, 33% efficiency of sodium hydroxide, and 65% reduction rate of REAIS. The efficient conversion of barium salts in the REAIS could lead to the recovery of barium resources. This has made a significant contribution to REAIS reduction, lessening the impact on the environment and public health, and has provided a directional guideline for the reduction of REAIS emissions.