Numerical analysis of the effect of phase change materials on the temperature distribution of cancer tissue in hyperthermia using the electromagnetic field obtained from the slotted axial antenna

Abstract

This study examined the temperature distribution induced by the microwave ablation system employing a grooved axial antenna in liver tumor tissue under various conditions, both without phase-change substances and with the inclusion of phase-change substances. Two methods of injecting phase change material have been studied: axial antenna and injection around the tumor. The temperature distribution in cancer tissue has been examined in the transient state using Pence's biothermal equation. The simulation was crucial in understanding the complex interactions and was conducted using the powerful COMSOL software. The impact of several elements, such as changes in the phase change range (PCM) and the latent heat of the phase change material, was examined. The findings indicate that the number of grooves significantly influences the temperature distribution and microwave power absorbed in liver tissue. By carefully altering the structure and design of the aforementioned scheme, the form and size of the affected area can be changed while avoiding injury to the surrounding healthy tissue. Employing phase-changing materials (PCM) around the tumor and the axial antenna helps prevent the rise in temperature in the healthy cells surrounding the tumor, thus averting their destruction.