Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105521
Jingzhi Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Bo Zhang, Naixiang Zhou, Li Lei, Bangming Li
Microfin tubes with internal structures exhibit superior thermo-hydraulic performance, making them indispensable in systems such as air conditioning, chemical industry, and heat pumps. Despite their widespread application, research on microfin tubes has predominantly concentrated on single-phase flows. The heat transfer coefficient of phase change heat transfer is much higher than that of single-phase heat transfer. The higher heat transfer coefficient enables micro finned tubes using phase change heat transfer to significantly improve heat transfer efficiency while reducing equipment size. The understanding of gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics is crucial for heat and mass transfer rates and pressure drop. This study examines the two-phase flow patterns and pressure drop characteristics within microfin tubes, considering variables such as two-phase Reynolds number (200≤Re ≤ 600), gas void fraction (0.3≤ζ ≤ 0.55), tube inner diameter (2.5≤d ≤ 5 mm), helix angle (0°≤β ≤ 36°), and microfin count (20≤Ns ≤ 60) through both experimental and numerical approaches. The findings reveal that the inlet Reynolds number and microfin count exert negligible effects on bubble dimensions and morphology. As the gas void fraction and helix angle increase, the gas-liquid interfacial profiles become more symmetric. The influence of changes in bubble length and gas void fraction on bubble velocity can be ignored. When the helix angle is 18°, friction resistance factor in the liquid column region is the minimum of 0.04. The friction resistance factor in the liquid column region decreases with the increase of two-phase Reynolds number and microfin count, and decreases with the decrease of gas void fraction and tube inner diameter.
{"title":"Numerical analysis and experimental study of two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop characteristics in internally microfin tubes","authors":"Jingzhi Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Bo Zhang, Naixiang Zhou, Li Lei, Bangming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105521","url":null,"abstract":"Microfin tubes with internal structures exhibit superior thermo-hydraulic performance, making them indispensable in systems such as air conditioning, chemical industry, and heat pumps. Despite their widespread application, research on microfin tubes has predominantly concentrated on single-phase flows. The heat transfer coefficient of phase change heat transfer is much higher than that of single-phase heat transfer. The higher heat transfer coefficient enables micro finned tubes using phase change heat transfer to significantly improve heat transfer efficiency while reducing equipment size. The understanding of gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics is crucial for heat and mass transfer rates and pressure drop. This study examines the two-phase flow patterns and pressure drop characteristics within microfin tubes, considering variables such as two-phase Reynolds number (200≤Re ≤ 600), gas void fraction (0.3≤<ce:italic>ζ</ce:italic> ≤ 0.55), tube inner diameter (2.5≤<ce:italic>d</ce:italic> ≤ 5 mm), helix angle (0°≤<ce:italic>β</ce:italic> ≤ 36°), and microfin count (20≤<ce:italic>N</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf> ≤ 60) through both experimental and numerical approaches. The findings reveal that the inlet Reynolds number and microfin count exert negligible effects on bubble dimensions and morphology. As the gas void fraction and helix angle increase, the gas-liquid interfacial profiles become more symmetric. The influence of changes in bubble length and gas void fraction on bubble velocity can be ignored. When the helix angle is 18°, friction resistance factor in the liquid column region is the minimum of 0.04. The friction resistance factor in the liquid column region decreases with the increase of two-phase Reynolds number and microfin count, and decreases with the decrease of gas void fraction and tube inner diameter.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105504
Chuanmin Tai, Yunqing Zhang, Zhanli Liu, Xingliang Ji, Wenjun Lei, Guansan Tian
In alignment to China's ambitious ‘Dual Carbon' strategy and the urgent need to address energy shortages, optimizing energy consumption in air conditioning systems has become a critical imperative in thermal engineering.This study introduces an innovative high-temperature water cooling system that leverages cascaded cold energy from underground water plants in northern China. Initially, the DeST software was utilized to simulate and quantify the hourly cooling load and annual cooling consumption of a representative building. Subsequently, based on these simulation results, a comprehensive case study was conducted on an air conditioning project in Jinan city, Shandong Province, to rigorously analyze the proposed system's performance in terms of energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact.The results demonstrate significant improvements over conventional air conditioning systems: a 24.6 % increase in energy efficiency, corresponding to a reduction of 4.7 kWh/m2 in energy consumption and cost savings of 2.5 CNY/m2. The economic viability of the system extends to a radius of 3.5 km from the underground water plant. Projections for a typical cooling season indicate potential electricity savings of approximately 691,000.0 kWh, translating to emission reductions of 691.0 tons of CO2, 20.7 tons of SO2, and 10.4 tons of NOx.
{"title":"A novel high-temperature water cooling system utilizing cascaded cold energy from underground water plants in northern China","authors":"Chuanmin Tai, Yunqing Zhang, Zhanli Liu, Xingliang Ji, Wenjun Lei, Guansan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105504","url":null,"abstract":"In alignment to China's ambitious ‘Dual Carbon' strategy and the urgent need to address energy shortages, optimizing energy consumption in air conditioning systems has become a critical imperative in thermal engineering.This study introduces an innovative high-temperature water cooling system that leverages cascaded cold energy from underground water plants in northern China. Initially, the DeST software was utilized to simulate and quantify the hourly cooling load and annual cooling consumption of a representative building. Subsequently, based on these simulation results, a comprehensive case study was conducted on an air conditioning project in Jinan city, Shandong Province, to rigorously analyze the proposed system's performance in terms of energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact.The results demonstrate significant improvements over conventional air conditioning systems: a 24.6 % increase in energy efficiency, corresponding to a reduction of 4.7 kWh/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> in energy consumption and cost savings of 2.5 CNY/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>. The economic viability of the system extends to a radius of 3.5 km from the underground water plant. Projections for a typical cooling season indicate potential electricity savings of approximately 691,000.0 kWh, translating to emission reductions of 691.0 tons of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, 20.7 tons of SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, and 10.4 tons of NOx.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its small structures and high energy efficiency, the Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) can be implemented in various energy industries. The simulation model for a sCO2 recompression Brayton (RB) system with a two-stage compression and intercooling process (TCIP) is developed. At the design working conditions, there are minimum and optimum split ratios for the sCO2 RB with TCIP cycle. The sCO2 RB with TCIP cycle has a broader range of split ratios compared to the RB cycle. The sCO2 RB with TCIP cycle can achieve a minimum split ratio of 0.315, compared to 0.36 for the sCO2 RB cycle. The maximum efficiency of the sCO2 RB with TCIP cycle is 50.95 %, which surpasses the efficiency of the sCO2 RB cycle by 3.14 %. There exists an optimal value for the first-stage pressure ratio because the maximum efficiency of the sCO2 RB with the TCIP system tends to increase and then decrease with the increase in the first-stage pressure ratio. The pressure ratio of 1.1 for the first-stage compressor, corresponding to an interstage pressure of 8.25 MPa, maximizes the efficiency of the sCO2 RB with the TCIP cycle. The results can be used to further explore the applicability of sCO2 RB with TCIP.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle with two-stage compression and intercooling","authors":"Jiahui Jiang, Yongqiang Yu, Yuanyang Zhao, Guangbin Liu, Qichao Yang, Yunxia Liu, Liansheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105503","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its small structures and high energy efficiency, the Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) can be implemented in various energy industries. The simulation model for a sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> recompression Brayton (RB) system with a two-stage compression and intercooling process (TCIP) is developed. At the design working conditions, there are minimum and optimum split ratios for the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with TCIP cycle. The sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with TCIP cycle has a broader range of split ratios compared to the RB cycle. The sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with TCIP cycle can achieve a minimum split ratio of 0.315, compared to 0.36 for the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB cycle. The maximum efficiency of the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with TCIP cycle is 50.95 %, which surpasses the efficiency of the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB cycle by 3.14 %. There exists an optimal value for the first-stage pressure ratio because the maximum efficiency of the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with the TCIP system tends to increase and then decrease with the increase in the first-stage pressure ratio. The pressure ratio of 1.1 for the first-stage compressor, corresponding to an interstage pressure of 8.25 MPa, maximizes the efficiency of the sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with the TCIP cycle. The results can be used to further explore the applicability of sCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> RB with TCIP.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105519
Mohamed Hamdy, Mohammed El-Adawy, Ahmed Abdelhalim, Ahmed Abdelhafez, Medhat A. Nemitallah
The effects of oxygen fractions of primary and secondary streams on flow/flame interactions, flame stability and macrostructure, and combustion and emissions characteristics of premixed oxy-methane (CH4/CO2/O2) flames were studied experimentally and numerically in a dual annular counter-rotating swirl (DACRS) burner for applications of clean power production in gas turbines. The primary stream oxygen fractions (OFp) of 34 % and 25 % were paired with secondary stream oxygen fractions (OFs) ranging from 25 % to 39 % at fixed primary stream equivalence ratio (φp = 0.9), fixed velocity ratio of 3.0 by the primary (of 5 m/s) and secondary (of 1.667 m/s) streams, and over ranges of secondary stream equivalence ratios (φs). The results showed that at OFp = 34 % and OFS = 39 %, the pilot flame supports a lean secondary flame down to φs = 0.434 at combustor global equivalence ratio (φg) of 0.467. Flame flashback concerns were not seen in the operative OFs zone until the secondary stream reached stoichiometric operation (φs = 1.0). The widths and forms of the inner and outer recirculation zones (IRZ and ORZ) are not significantly affected by changes in OF. Reducing φg and OFg resulted in decreases in Damköhler number (Da), laminar flame speed, and CO emissions.
{"title":"On the effects of oxygen fraction on stability and combustion characteristics of dual-swirl oxy-methane flames: An experimental and numerical study","authors":"Mohamed Hamdy, Mohammed El-Adawy, Ahmed Abdelhalim, Ahmed Abdelhafez, Medhat A. Nemitallah","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105519","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of oxygen fractions of primary and secondary streams on flow/flame interactions, flame stability and macrostructure, and combustion and emissions characteristics of premixed oxy-methane (CH4/CO2/O2) flames were studied experimentally and numerically in a dual annular counter-rotating swirl (DACRS) burner for applications of clean power production in gas turbines. The primary stream oxygen fractions (OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">p</ce:inf>) of 34 % and 25 % were paired with secondary stream oxygen fractions (OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf>) ranging from 25 % to 39 % at fixed primary stream equivalence ratio (φ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">p</ce:inf> = 0.9), fixed velocity ratio of 3.0 by the primary (of 5 m/s) and secondary (of 1.667 m/s) streams, and over ranges of secondary stream equivalence ratios (φ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf>). The results showed that at OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">p</ce:inf> = 34 % and OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">S</ce:inf> = 39 %, the pilot flame supports a lean secondary flame down to φ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf> = 0.434 at combustor global equivalence ratio (φ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">g</ce:inf>) of 0.467. Flame flashback concerns were not seen in the operative OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf> zone until the secondary stream reached stoichiometric operation (<ce:italic>φ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf> = 1.0). The widths and forms of the inner and outer recirculation zones (IRZ and ORZ) are not significantly affected by changes in OF. Reducing φ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">g</ce:inf> and OF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">g</ce:inf> resulted in decreases in Damköhler number (Da), laminar flame speed, and CO emissions.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of transitioning energy structures, thermal power generation is adapting to peak load regulation, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies on boiler combustion characteristics under varying load conditions. This study focuses on a 660 MW tangentially fired boiler, evaluating its combustion and pollutant generation at different operational loads: boiler maximum continuous rate (BMCR), turbine heat acceptance (THA), 75% of THA, and 40% of THA. The findings reveal a general decline in temperature, and nitrogen oxide concentration as the load decreases. However, at 40% THA, increased oxygen mole fractions lead to higher carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels compared to other conditions. Through the Analytic Network Process, each parameter's impact is evaluated and scored to identify the most effective burner and deflection angle combinations. Optimal configurations are identified: a 10-degree rightward adjustment for ABDE layer burners at BMCR and a 10-degree leftward adjustment for BD layer burners at 40% THA, both enhancing combustion performance and reducing pollutants at the furnace outlet. For THA and 75% THA conditions, the industrial standard combination is recommended.
{"title":"Combustion characteristics of a 660 MW tangentially fired pulverized coal boiler considering different loads, burner combinations and horizontal deflection angles","authors":"Wenbo Gu, Zipeng Zheng, Naixin Zhao, Xiaojian Wang, Zening Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105520","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of transitioning energy structures, thermal power generation is adapting to peak load regulation, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies on boiler combustion characteristics under varying load conditions. This study focuses on a 660 MW tangentially fired boiler, evaluating its combustion and pollutant generation at different operational loads: boiler maximum continuous rate (BMCR), turbine heat acceptance (THA), 75% of THA, and 40% of THA. The findings reveal a general decline in temperature, and nitrogen oxide concentration as the load decreases. However, at 40% THA, increased oxygen mole fractions lead to higher carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels compared to other conditions. Through the Analytic Network Process, each parameter's impact is evaluated and scored to identify the most effective burner and deflection angle combinations. Optimal configurations are identified: a 10-degree rightward adjustment for ABDE layer burners at BMCR and a 10-degree leftward adjustment for BD layer burners at 40% THA, both enhancing combustion performance and reducing pollutants at the furnace outlet. For THA and 75% THA conditions, the industrial standard combination is recommended.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105510
Jing Xu, Xiang Wang, Meng Zhang
Using packaging materials to reduce contact thermal resistance has become a promising method to solve the problem of insufficient heat dissipation capacity of electronic components. The purpose of this work is to optimize the mechanical and thermodynamic performance of potting adhesive using phase change microcapsules (MPCM) and hexagonal boron nitride nano-powder (h-BN) as thermal conductive fillers. The experimental results indicated that h-BN has a positive effect on the tensile strength of the potting adhesive, with a 7.1 % increase in tensile strength at a mass fraction of 30 %. However, the addition of MPCM will weaken the tensile strength of the potting adhesive. Adding MPCM and h-BN can both effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the potting adhesive: when the filler mass fraction is lower than 20 %, the potting adhesive with MPCM filler exhibits more strengthening capability than h-BN type; while with the continuous increase of filler mass fraction, the thermal conductivity of the potting adhesive with h-BN filler is better. The thermal buffering capacity of the potting adhesive significantly increases with the mass fraction of MPCM, while the effect of h-BN on thermal buffering capacity is not significant. In addition, the addition of h-BN and MPCM significantly improves the temperature uniformity of the potting adhesive.
{"title":"Research on the mechanical and thermal properties of potting adhesive with different fillers of h-BN and MPCM","authors":"Jing Xu, Xiang Wang, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105510","url":null,"abstract":"Using packaging materials to reduce contact thermal resistance has become a promising method to solve the problem of insufficient heat dissipation capacity of electronic components. The purpose of this work is to optimize the mechanical and thermodynamic performance of potting adhesive using phase change microcapsules (MPCM) and hexagonal boron nitride nano-powder (h-BN) as thermal conductive fillers. The experimental results indicated that h-BN has a positive effect on the tensile strength of the potting adhesive, with a 7.1 % increase in tensile strength at a mass fraction of 30 %. However, the addition of MPCM will weaken the tensile strength of the potting adhesive. Adding MPCM and h-BN can both effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the potting adhesive: when the filler mass fraction is lower than 20 %, the potting adhesive with MPCM filler exhibits more strengthening capability than h-BN type; while with the continuous increase of filler mass fraction, the thermal conductivity of the potting adhesive with h-BN filler is better. The thermal buffering capacity of the potting adhesive significantly increases with the mass fraction of MPCM, while the effect of h-BN on thermal buffering capacity is not significant. In addition, the addition of h-BN and MPCM significantly improves the temperature uniformity of the potting adhesive.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional ventilation duct systems for embankments in cold regions are limited in their ability to regulate ventilation, which restricts their cooling effectiveness on the subgrade. This study introduces a design method for an Intelligent Adjustment Ventilation Embankment (IAVE) system that dynamically adjusts the ventilation status within the duct based on variations in ground and air temperatures. Numerical simulations were performed to compare the cooling performance and differential settlement control of the Normal Ventilation Embankment (NVE), Temperature-Controlled Ventilation Embankment (TCVE), and IAVE systems. The results demonstrated that, compared to NVE and TCVE, the IAVE system achieved more precise temperature regulation, optimized the use of environmental cooling energy, and exhibited superior long-term cooling and differential settlement control. Among the three main factors influencing IAVE performance—ventilation duct burial spacing, burial depth, and airflow velocity—the burial spacing has the most significant impact on the Artificial Permafrost Table (APT). It not only enhances cooling during cold seasons but also effectively mitigates the re-warming of the subgrade during warm seasons. This research offers an efficient, low-carbon energy utilization structure and provides calculation results to improve the thermal stability of engineering projects in cold regions.
{"title":"Intelligent adjustment ventilation duct design and numerical simulation study on enhancement of subgrade thermal stability in cold regions","authors":"Zhijun Zhao, Yongtao Wang, Aiting Sang, Xiangtian Xu, Lingxiao Fan, Wenbin Huang, Yuhang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105502","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional ventilation duct systems for embankments in cold regions are limited in their ability to regulate ventilation, which restricts their cooling effectiveness on the subgrade. This study introduces a design method for an Intelligent Adjustment Ventilation Embankment (IAVE) system that dynamically adjusts the ventilation status within the duct based on variations in ground and air temperatures. Numerical simulations were performed to compare the cooling performance and differential settlement control of the Normal Ventilation Embankment (NVE), Temperature-Controlled Ventilation Embankment (TCVE), and IAVE systems. The results demonstrated that, compared to NVE and TCVE, the IAVE system achieved more precise temperature regulation, optimized the use of environmental cooling energy, and exhibited superior long-term cooling and differential settlement control. Among the three main factors influencing IAVE performance—ventilation duct burial spacing, burial depth, and airflow velocity—the burial spacing has the most significant impact on the Artificial Permafrost Table (APT). It not only enhances cooling during cold seasons but also effectively mitigates the re-warming of the subgrade during warm seasons. This research offers an efficient, low-carbon energy utilization structure and provides calculation results to improve the thermal stability of engineering projects in cold regions.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105499
Miqdam T. Chaichan, Hussain A. Kazem, Hussain Saad Abd, Ali H.A. Al-Waeli, K. Sopain
The PVT system efficiency generally depends on diverse factors, such as design parameters, solar radiation intensity, and the concentration and type of nanofluid, among other major factors. The present work focuses on the effect of nanoparticle size on a nanofluid-based PVT collector system with a spiral-flow absorber. Besides nanoparticle size, the system is experimentally investigated at various flow rates, nanoparticle concentrations, and different working conditions. Moreover, PV efficiency is also calculated and compared with thermal efficiency by employing both energy and exergy analyses. The rate of exergy loss in PVT is calculated in order to provide a appropriate understanding of the key factors that affect the overall performance of such systems. The most important factor significantly affecting the PVT net efficiencies is the absorber outlet temperature, which illustrates the trade-off between the temperature increase and the increase of the potential concentration factor.
{"title":"Evaluation of photovoltaic thermal system performance with different nanoparticle sizes via energy, exergy, and irreversibility analysis","authors":"Miqdam T. Chaichan, Hussain A. Kazem, Hussain Saad Abd, Ali H.A. Al-Waeli, K. Sopain","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105499","url":null,"abstract":"The PVT system efficiency generally depends on diverse factors, such as design parameters, solar radiation intensity, and the concentration and type of nanofluid, among other major factors. The present work focuses on the effect of nanoparticle size on a nanofluid-based PVT collector system with a spiral-flow absorber. Besides nanoparticle size, the system is experimentally investigated at various flow rates, nanoparticle concentrations, and different working conditions. Moreover, PV efficiency is also calculated and compared with thermal efficiency by employing both energy and exergy analyses. The rate of exergy loss in PVT is calculated in order to provide a appropriate understanding of the key factors that affect the overall performance of such systems. The most important factor significantly affecting the PVT net efficiencies is the absorber outlet temperature, which illustrates the trade-off between the temperature increase and the increase of the potential concentration factor.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105509
Muhammed Donmez, Mehmet Ihsan Karamangil
This research optimizes lithium-ion battery module cooling through immersion cooling, addressing pressure drop and after discharge average cell temperature. Using the Hammersley method, various module designs are generated. Multi-objective optimization, using ANN-based multi objective genetic algorithms, is conducted on a 16S1P configuration at 4C discharge and 0.008 kg/s. The optimized design achieved an 83 % average cell temperature reduction at a 4C discharge rate and 0.008 kg/s compared to an uncooled battery cell, while also reducing the pressure drop by 88.6 % relative to the base design. The pressure drop is approximately 12 Pa at a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s, with an average cell temperature of 3.13°C in the optimized design. This represents a 68.4 % reduction in pressure drop compared to the base design, which experiences approximately 40 Pa at a lower mass flow rate of 0.008 kg/s. Additionally, the optimized design achieves a 20.8 % reduction in average cell temperature, lowering it from 3.95°C in the base design to 3.13°C. These findings highlight improved pressure and thermal performance in lithium-ion battery modules, with implications for enhanced design and operation. Future work could extend these optimizations to various battery chemistries and conditions.
{"title":"Artificial neural networks-based multi-objective optimization of immersion cooling battery thermal management system using Hammersley sampling method","authors":"Muhammed Donmez, Mehmet Ihsan Karamangil","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105509","url":null,"abstract":"This research optimizes lithium-ion battery module cooling through immersion cooling, addressing pressure drop and after discharge average cell temperature. Using the Hammersley method, various module designs are generated. Multi-objective optimization, using ANN-based multi objective genetic algorithms, is conducted on a 16S1P configuration at 4C discharge and 0.008 kg/s. The optimized design achieved an 83 % average cell temperature reduction at a 4C discharge rate and 0.008 kg/s compared to an uncooled battery cell, while also reducing the pressure drop by 88.6 % relative to the base design. The pressure drop is approximately 12 Pa at a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s, with an average cell temperature of 3.13°C in the optimized design. This represents a 68.4 % reduction in pressure drop compared to the base design, which experiences approximately 40 Pa at a lower mass flow rate of 0.008 kg/s. Additionally, the optimized design achieves a 20.8 % reduction in average cell temperature, lowering it from 3.95°C in the base design to 3.13°C. These findings highlight improved pressure and thermal performance in lithium-ion battery modules, with implications for enhanced design and operation. Future work could extend these optimizations to various battery chemistries and conditions.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105505
Zhiming Xu, Hongtao Feng, Yuting Jia, Jingtao Wang
The impact of the thickness on the boiling phenomena of the water film on the liquid metal surface is compared, and various mechanisms are analyzed, using a molecular dynamics simulation. The findings demonstrated that the best heat transfer performance between the liquid metal surface and water film is obtained when employing a thickness of 9.56 Å, along with a shorter boiling time. Additionally, the boiling time on each surface was further accurately characterized by considering and examining the water film motion and the temperature distribution, in addition to comparing the kinetic energy and potential energy of the system. Also, the surface thickness affected the fluctuation of the liquid metal, the interfacial thermal conductance, and the interfacial thermal resistance. The thicker the liquid metal, the greater the fluctuation. However, a liquid metal surface with a thickness of 9.56 Å is characterized by a larger average interfacial thermal conductance, a smaller average interfacial thermal resistance. Based on the analysis, the difference in boiling time among the different cases was due to the combined effect of fluctuation, interfacial thermal conductance, and interfacial thermal resistance. The results enlighten new ideas and methods for augmenting the efficiency of boiling heat transfer.
通过分子动力学模拟,比较了厚度对液态金属表面水膜沸腾现象的影响,并分析了各种机理。研究结果表明,当采用 9.56 Å 厚度时,液态金属表面与水膜之间的传热性能最佳,同时沸腾时间更短。此外,通过考虑和研究水膜的运动和温度分布,以及比较系统的动能和势能,进一步精确地确定了每个表面的沸腾时间。此外,表面厚度也会影响液态金属的波动、界面热导率和界面热阻。液态金属越厚,波动越大。然而,厚度为 9.56 Å 的液态金属表面的特点是平均界面热导率较大,平均界面热阻较小。根据分析,不同情况下沸腾时间的差异是波动、界面热导率和界面热阻共同作用的结果。这些结果为提高沸腾传热效率提供了新的思路和方法。
{"title":"A molecular dynamic study of the boiling heat transfer on a liquid metal surface with different thicknesses","authors":"Zhiming Xu, Hongtao Feng, Yuting Jia, Jingtao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105505","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the thickness on the boiling phenomena of the water film on the liquid metal surface is compared, and various mechanisms are analyzed, using a molecular dynamics simulation. The findings demonstrated that the best heat transfer performance between the liquid metal surface and water film is obtained when employing a thickness of 9.56 Å, along with a shorter boiling time. Additionally, the boiling time on each surface was further accurately characterized by considering and examining the water film motion and the temperature distribution, in addition to comparing the kinetic energy and potential energy of the system. Also, the surface thickness affected the fluctuation of the liquid metal, the interfacial thermal conductance, and the interfacial thermal resistance. The thicker the liquid metal, the greater the fluctuation. However, a liquid metal surface with a thickness of 9.56 Å is characterized by a larger average interfacial thermal conductance, a smaller average interfacial thermal resistance. Based on the analysis, the difference in boiling time among the different cases was due to the combined effect of fluctuation, interfacial thermal conductance, and interfacial thermal resistance. The results enlighten new ideas and methods for augmenting the efficiency of boiling heat transfer.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}