Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Exploring Advanced Therapies.

Abstract

The recognition of oxidative stress as a factor influencing the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is growing. By producing such reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diverse areas within cells, including mitochondria and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen (NADPH)-oxidases, they end up causing damage through the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. ROS indicates the beginning of inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction, which are necessary to produce obstructions in blood vessels and decreased blood vessel function. The fact that oxidative stress plays a significant role in CVD development draws more attention to the need for novel therapies that aim to correct redox imbalances. Therefore, natural polyphenols and antioxidants like vitamin C or E have shown their efficacy in lowering levels of ROS and protecting against the damage caused by oxidative stress. Anyone attempting to cure CVDs should focus on improving the safety and efficacy of antioxidant treatments and identifying which patients will benefit from them the most. This paper discusses not only advanced treatments but also the role played by oxidative stress in such CVD as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and ischemic heart disease.