A supply–demand optimization strategy for integrated energy system considering integrated demand response and electricity–heat–hydrogen hybrid energy storage

Abstract

To address the reliability and stability of the supply–demand balance in integrated energy systems, a supply–demand optimization strategy that considers wind and photovoltaic power generation uncertainties and integrated demand response is proposed. On the supply side, a robust stochastic optimization model is developed to describe the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power output, considering the effect of time on the prediction error of wind and photovoltaic power output. Additionally, a electricity–heat–hydrogen hybrid energy storage model is developed to improve system flexibility by accounting for the lifetime loss of energy storage. On the demand side, a packaged demand-side management approach is proposed to incentivize user participation in integrated demand response. Finally, the supply–demand model is solved using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition and the Big-M method. The simulation results show that the intraday revenue of the Energy Hub is increased by 17.22%, and the maximum intraday consumer surplus of the load aggregator is increased by 6.31%. The total cost of hybrid energy storage is reduced by 5.21%, and wind-photovoltaic utilization is increased by 2.1% compared to a single electric energy storage configuration. The total cost of hybrid energy storage is reduced by 4.26%, and wind-photovoltaic utilization is increased by 1.5% compared to the electric-heat storage combination. After considering the battery life, the configured capacity of the hybrid energy storage battery decreased by 10.06%.